TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
a 
CHAPTER V. 
TIOUSES OF INDIAN TRIBES NORTH Ol NEW MEXICO. 
Houses of Indian tribes must be considered as parts of a common system of construction—A common 
principle runs through all its forms; that of adaptation to communism in living within the house- 
hold—It explains this architecture—Communal houses of tribes in savagery; in California; in the 
valley of the Yukon; in the valley of the Columbia— Communal house of tribes in the lower status 
of barbarism—Ojibwa lodge—Dakota skin tent—Long houses of Virginia Indians; of Nyach tribe 
on Long Island; of Seneca-Iroquois; of Onondaga-Ivoquois—Dirt Lodge of Mandans and Minne- 
tarees—Thatched houses of Maricopas and Mohaves of the Colorado; of the Pimas of the Gila— 
What a comparison shows. 
CHAPTER VI. 
HOUSES OF THE SEDENTARY INDIANS OF NEW MEXICO. 
Improved character of houses—The defensive principle incorporated in their plan of the Houses—Their 
joint tenement character—Two or more stories high—Improved apparel, pottery, and fabrics— 
Pueblo of Santo Domingo; of adobe bricks—Built in terraced town—Ground story closed—Terraces 
reached by ladders—Rooms entered through trap-doors in ceilings—Pueblo of Zuni—Ceiling—Water- 
jars and hand-mill—Moki pueblo—Room in same—Ceiling like that at Zuni—Pueblo of Taos— 
Estufas for holding councils—Size of adobes—Of doorways—Window-openings and trap-doorways 
—Present governmental organization— Room in pueblo—Fire-places and chimneys of modern intro- 
duction—Present ownership and inheritance of property— Village Indians have declined since their 
discovery—Sun worship—The Montezuma religion—Seclusion from religious motives. 
CHAPTER VII. 
HOUSES IN RUINS OF THE SEDENTARY INDIANS OF THE SAN JUAN RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES. 
Pueblos in stone—The best structures in New Mexico—Ruins in the valley of the Chaco—Exploration 
of Lieut. J. H. Simpson in 1849; of William H. Jackson in 1877—Map of valley—Ground plans— 
Pueblo Pintado and Weje-gi—Constructed of tabular pieces of sandstone—Estufas and their uses— 
Pueblos Una Vida and Hungo Pavie—Restoration of Hungo Payie—Pueblo of Chettro-Kettle— 
Room in same—Form of ceiling—Pueblo Bonito—Room in same—Restoration of Pueblo—Pueblo 
del Arroyo—Pueblo Pefiasca Blanca—Seven large pteblos and two smaller ones—Pueblo Alto with- 
out the valley on table land on the north side—Probably the “‘ Seven Cities of Cibola” of Coronado’s 
Expedition—Reasons for supposition—The pueblos constructed gradually—Remarkable appear- 
ance of the valley when inhabited. 
CHAPTER VIII. 
HOUSES IN RUINS OF THE SEDENTARY INDIANS OF THE SAN JUAN RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES—(Con- 
tinued.) 
Ruins of stone pueblo on Animas River—Ground plan—Each room faced with stone, showing natural 
faces—Constructed like those in Chaco—Adobe mortar—Its composition and efficiency—Lime 
unknown in New Mexico—Gypsum mortar probably used in New Mexico and Central America— 
Cedar poles used as lintels—Cedar beams used as joists—Estufas ; neither fire-places nor chimneys— 
The House a fortress—Second stone pueblo—Six other pueblos in ruins near—The Montezuma Valley 
—Nine pueblos in ruins in a cluster—Diagram—Ruins of stone pueblo near Ute Mountain—Outline of 
plan—Round tower of stone with three concentric walls—Incorporated in pueblo—Another round 
tower—With two concentric walls—Stands isolated—Other ruins—San Juan district as an original 
centre of this Indian eulture—Mound-Builders probable emigrants from this region—Historical 
tribes of Mexico emigrants from same—Indian migrations—Made under control of physical causes, 
