MORGAN.) ONE OF THE MOKI PUEBLOS. 141 
and blankets of cotton and wool, woven by their own hand-looms, are among 
the objects seen in these apartments. They are neatly kept, roomy and com- 
fortable, and differ in no respect from those in use at the period of the con- 
quest, as will elsewhere be shown. The mesa elevation upon which the old 
town of Zuni was situated is seen in the background of the engraving, Fig. 23. 
It should be noticed that this architecture, and the necessities that gave 
it birth, led to a change in the mode of life from the open ground to the 
terraces or flat roofs of these great houses. When not engaged in tillage, 
the terraces were the gathering and living places of the people. During 
the greater part of the year they lived practically in the open air, to which 
the climate was adapted, and upon their housetops, first for safety and 
afterwards from habit. : 
Elevations of the principal pueblos of New Mexico have from time to 
time been published. They agree in general plan, but show considerable 
diversity in details. Rude but massive structures, they accommodated all 
the people of the village in security within their walls. 
The Moki Pueblos are supposed to be the towns of Tusayan, visited 
by a detachment of Coronado’s expedition in 1541. Since the acquisition 
of New Mexico they have been rarely visited, because of their isolation 
and distance from American settlements. 
The accompanying illustration of Wolpi, Fig. 25, one of these pueb- 
los, is from a photograph taken by Major Powell’s party. 
In 1858 Lieut. Joseph C. Ives, in command of the Colorado Exploring 
Expedition, visited the Moki Pueblos, near the Little Colorado. They are 
seven in number, situated upon mesa elevations within an extent of ten 
miles, difficult of access, and constructed of stone. Mi-shone’-i-ni’-vi, the first 
one entered, is thus described. After ascending the rugged sides of the 
mesa by a flight of stone steps, Lieutenant Ives remarks: ‘We came upon 
a level summit, and had the walls of the pueblo on one side and an exten- 
sive and beautiful view upen the other. Without giving us time to admire 
the scene, the Indians led us to a ladder planted against the front face of the 
pueblo. The town is nearly square, and surrounded by astone wall fifteen 
feet high, the top of which forms a landing extending around the whole. 
Flights of stone steps led from the first to a second landing, upon which the 
doors of the houses open. Mounting the stairway opposite to the ladder, 
