MORGAN] RUINS OF PENASCA BLANCA. 165 
two estufas; one near the east end of the wing, which is twenty-seven feet 
in diameter, was three stories in height. The floor-beams are removed, but 
the remains show this plainly. The interior is nearly filled up, but it was 
originally over twenty-five feet in depth. The ruins of the other estufa are 
insignificant compared with this, and it probably consisted of but one low 
room. Facing the center of the court are remains of what were three circu- 
larrooms. Atthe end of the wings, outside of the building, are faint outlines 
of other circular apartments or inclosures, shown by dotted lines on the 
plan. In the central portion of the ruin, between the two wings, some rooms 
have been preserved entire. I crawled down into one of these through a 
small hole in the covering, and found its walls to consist of delicate masonry, 
thinly plastered and whitewashed. he ceiling was formed in the usual 
manner, fine willow brush supporting the earthen floor above, instead of 
the lath-like sticks or thin boards that were used in the exceptional cases 
noted. 
Two miles below the Pueblo del Arroyo are the ruins of the Pueblo of 
Penasea Blanca, Fig. 39. ‘This is the largest pueblo in plan we have seen,” 
Lieutenant Simpson remarks, ‘and differs from others in the arrangement 
of the stones composing its walls. The walls of the other pueblos were all 
of one uniform character in the several beds composing it; but in this there 
is a regular alternation of large and small stones, which are about one foot 
in length and one-half a foot in thickness, form but a single bed, and then, 
alternating with these, are three or four beds of very small stones, each 
about an inch in thickness. ‘The general plan of the structure also differs 
from the others in approximating the form of the circle. The number of 
the rooms at present discoverable upon the first floor is one hundred and 
twelve; and the existing walls show that there have been at least three 
stories of apartments. The number of circular estufas we counted was 
seven.”* 
“Tn point of size,” Mr. Jackson remarks, “the rooms of this ruin will 
average larger than in most of the others; the twenty-eight rooms, as they 
appear on the outer circumference, average twenty feet in length from wail 
to wall inside. The smallest, which are only ten feet wide, are at the two 
Se 
1Simpson’s Report, p. 64. 
