MORGAN.) OTHER RUINS. 187 
and knowledge in the use and construction of the joint-tenement houses, 
improvements would gradually manifest themselves. It is important to 
find and trace this progress, as we have every reason to believe that it is 
one system of architecture throughout North America at least, with a con- 
nection of all its forms. 
Along the curving or westerly side of the first building, and along the 
northerly side, there are cedar beams projecting about four feet from the 
wall in the second story on the line of the ceiling. They are about four 
inches in diameter. Their object is not apparent. 
In one of the basement rooms of the second building are a series of 
pictographs upon a plastered wall. Our limited time would not permit a 
sketch. 
Midway between the pueblo, Fig. 40, and the one now being consid- 
ered is a circular ruin three hundred and thirty feet in circuit, which seems 
to have consisted of two concentric rows of apartments around an inclosed 
estufa. It was built of cobblestone and adobe mortar. Pit-holes indicate 
the form and plan of the inclosing rooms, but the ,ruin is too indistinct to 
form a clear idea of its structure. A removal of the loose material would 
probably disclose the original ground plan. 
A few hundred feet north are the ruins of four other structures of cob- 
blestone and adobe quite near each other. They were, without doubt, 
pueblo houses, but they are now a mass of undistinguishable ruins, and, 
from present appearance, were probably ruins, when the stone pueblos were 
inhabited. The river here runs nearer the western border of the valley 
than the eastern, and quite near the pueblo last noticed, but from this point 
it bears toward the east side of the valley. 
About a mile in a direction a little south of east and near the river are 
the ruins of two other large pueblos, of which the lower one is one thou- 
sand and forty feet in circuit, and the one above four hundred and fifty-two 
feet. Both are built of sandstone and cobblestone and adobe mortar. No 
part of the walls are standing above the rubbish; but they were apparently 
contemporary with the stone pueblos. The first stands upon the brink of 
the river, which is now cutting away its foundations, thus proving that it 
was insecurely located. The mass of fallen material is very great, showing 
