630 
NATURE 
|AUGUST 22, 1912 
an average rate of fifty miles a day, is described, 
while on p. 22 there is a quotation from Charles 
Darwin, in which he gives a very modest estimate 
of his own intellectual powers and endowments. 
Commenting on this estimate the author says :— 
“This is presumably an honest statement of fact, 
and, in addition, it should be remembered that 
Darwin was always physically weak, that for forty 
years he was practically an invalid and able to 
work for only about three hours per day. In these 
hours he was able to accomplish more, however, 
than other men of apparently superior ability who 
were able to work long hours daily for many 
years. Darwin made the most of his ability and 
increased his efficiency to its maximum.” 
The honesty of the author’s appreciation of 
Charles Darwin is transparent, but its intellectual 
discrimination is not quite so clear. 
To experienced leaders, whether in commerce 
or industry, there may not be much that is new 
in the ideas which are developed by the author, 
but there is much that is shrewd and stimulating. 
As a professor and teacher he has no doubt found 
that his methods male a useful appeal to the 
students with whom he has to deal. It will be 
interesting to see how far these methods will 
appeal to British teachers and students, and it is 
to be hoped that this work will be read by many 
of these. ‘ 
OUR BOOKSHELF. 
The Teaching of Physics for Purposes of General 
Education. By Prof. C. Riborg Mann. Pp. 
xxv +304. (New York: The Macmillan Com- 
pany; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., 1912.) 
5s. 6d. net. 
Tuts book may be described as a skilful com- 
pilation of quotations. The first four chapters, 
which are well written and interesting, trace the 
rise of the teaching of physics in American high 
schools to its present unsatisfactory condition, 
when, if we may trust the author, “all teachers 
are constantly amazed at the inability of the 
pupils to apply their pure physics even to the 
physical problems of their daily life, to say 
nothing of their inability to think scientifically 
on any problems outside of physics.” 
It is maintained, probably correctly, that the 
more descriptive and objective introductory teach- 
ing prescribed thirty years ago was better suited 
to the purposes of a general education than the 
methods of premature generalisation into which 
it seems to have drifted in American schools. 
The second part of the book is an irrelevant and 
almost grotesque attempt to distort history to suit 
a mistaken and misleading view of the influence 
of Greek thought on physical science, and is not 
worth serious attention. 
In the third part, under ‘Hints at Practical 
Applications,” we find Prof. Mann deprecating 
NO. 2234, VOL. 89| 
i) . 
the use of test-questions that call for an accurate 
knowledge of the use of scientific terms and 
definitions, and advocating instead what he calls 
“vital problems ’”’ such as “Why are there door- 
knobs on doors?” “Why has no one ever found 
the pot of gold that lies buried at the end of the 
rainbow ? ”—‘‘ When you come down stairs, do 
you get back the work done going up? How?” 
We can scarcely imagine worse advice. 
A. M. W. 
The Beyond that is Within, and Other Addresses. 
By Prof. Emile Boutroux. Translated by 
Jonathan Nieid. Pp. xvi+138. (London: 
Duckworth and Co., 1912.) Price 3s. 6d. net. 
In the first address, which supplies a title for the 
book, the author discusses the general question 
of psychical research “proof,” and admirably 
makes clear that no fact, however strange, can 
prove the existence of a veritable Beyond; though 
he admits that there is evidence which seems to 
imply ‘‘a life beyond this life.” By “a veritable 
Beyond” he means a state which has no analogies 
with our present existence. On the whole he is 
inclined to rely on intuition—the feeling of the 
“Inner Beyond ”—which the modern doctrine of 
the subliminal self has again made respectable 
and reasonable. ‘‘ The subliminal self may put us 
in communication, not only with beings like or 
inferior to ourselves, but with superior exist- 
ENCES once - | 
In the next address, “Morality and Religion,” 
M. Boutroux looks forward to a reconciliation of 
these combatants. Morality is practical, but 
Religion supplies the impetus from the feeling- 
side, and both are necessary. 
The last is a short address on the relation of 
philosophy to the sciences. The author pleads 
for a philosophy which shall reason on knowledge 
and on life, without laying down any closed 
system in the way of science. 
A Guide to the Dissection of the Dog. By Dr. 
O. C. Bradley. Pp. vili+241. (London: Long- 
mans, Green and Co., 1912.) Price 10s. 6d. net. 
CrepiT is due both to the author and the pub- 
lishers of this work for having removed a serious 
obstacle to the proper study of the anatomy of the 
dog. Hitherto in this country veterinary students 
and others who wished to dissect the dog could 
find no better guide than the somewhat meagre 
descriptions contained in the systematic text-books 
on veterinary anatomy, mainly devoted to the 
anatomy of the horse. In this respect German 
students have been more favourably placed since 
the publication in 1891 of Ellenberger’s systematic 
treatise on the anatomy of the dog, but even that 
work, excellent as it is, is of little value as a 
dissection guide. One cannot pay Dr. Bradley's 
work a higher compliment than to say that it 
forms a worthy companion to the text-book of 
Ellenberger. The order in which the different 
parts of the body are dealt with appears to be con- 
venient, and the text is concise and clear. The 
illustrations, sixty-nine in number, are good, 
' although many of them are semi-diagrammatic. 
