Aucust 29, 1912] 
NATURE 
671 
Assoc., vol. xxii., 1912, p. 1). Some of the glaciers the Little Carpathians, where it works its way along 
illustrated recently in Nature (vol. Ixxxviii., p. 460) 
are excellently figured here. Dr. Kolderup (p. 22), in 
dealing with the crystalline rocks, is faced with the 
same difficulty that arises in Scotland and in Ireland, 
where certain granites may be of post-Silurian age, or 
may be Archean masses pressed up and rearranged 
during the Caledonian movements. The part contain- 
ing these reports may be bought for 3s., and includes 
a full bibliography. At the same date, Dr. Hans 
Reusch has contributed to Naturen an account of the 
Devonian beds of the Bergen coast (1912, p. 103). 
N. O. Holst (Sveriges geol. Undersékning, Arsbok, 
1910, No. 9, price 1 kr.) states the evidence for a pre- 
glacial flood, ‘‘Alnarps-floden,” along 
Sweden, which he compares with that which pro- 
duced, as he believes, the Cromer Forest-bed in the 
delta of the Rhine. 
The publications of the Geologische Reichsanstalt 
of Vienna continue to throw light on an empire of 
infinite variety. Short notes and criticisms often 
appear in the Verhandlungen, dealing with other 
publications on Austria-Hungary, while original con- 
tributions, like those of G. B. Trener on Adamello 
(1910, p. 91), add to our knowledge of regions that 
seemed at one time beyond reach of controversy. 
Especial interest attaches to the spread of geological 
surveying, under von Kerner and others, in the 
coast-lands of Istria and Dalmatia (see 1911, p. 111), 
while the attack upon areas once held to be Archean, 
and the acceptance of contact-metamorphism upon a 
regional scale, give a new attraction to the rolling 
uplands of Bohemia. K. Hinterlechner (1910, p. 337) 
thus assigns a Lower Silurian age to a, group of 
crystalline schists with graphite between Caslav and 
the Moravian border. The Lakes of Lunz, in a fami- 
liar region of Upper Austria, have furnished a detailed 
study : lacustrine sedimentation (G. Gétzinger, 1911, 
P- 173)- 
The work published in the Jahrbuch of the same 
Toula describes (1909, pp. 673-760) a late Tertiary 
molluscan fauna from Gatun on the Panama Canal. 
W. von Lozinski continues his studies of the Quater- 
nary glacial deposits of Galicia with a description of 
the léss north of the Carpathians (1910, p. 133). The 
great plateau of detrital material cut into by the 
Vistula is well illustrated in plate vii. F. F. Hahn 
of Munich has undertaken a detailed examination of 
the mountainous region round the Sonntagshorn on 
the frontier south of Traunstein (1910, pp. 311 and 
637). Radiolarian beds occur in the Middle Lias and 
in the Upper Jurassic of this area. Franz Kretschmer 
(1911, p. 172) concludes, from an elaborate study, that 
the “‘metamorphe Diorit- und Gabbromassiv”’ of the 
Zoptau area in Moravia is connected with the Her- 
cynian movements. The schists surrounding the great 
laccolite are believed to be Algonkian, Silurian, and 
Devonian, and these new conclusions bring the basic 
intrusive mass of Z6ptau, with its contact-aureole, into 
line with what is now known of the Erzgebirge gneiss 
and the granulites of Saxony. The Hercynian folding 
in Central Europe seems to have been accompanied 
by features of intrusion and metamorphism that recall 
those of the Caledonian folding in the British Isles. | 
The intrusive gneisses of the Otztal, described by 
Guido, Hradil (1911, p. 181), have presumably a still 
later origin. 
P. S. Richarz, writing of the ‘‘Umgebung von 
south-west | 
the planes of foliation in the schist-mantle. He re- 
gards such conclusions as somewhat new (p. 331), 
though they have been held in France for thirty years. 
References are rare, however, throughout the Jahrbuch 
of the Reichsanstalt to papers published outside Ger- 
man-speaking lands. 
We welcome (1911, p. 229) a further paper by 
Baron Nopesa on Albania, although he scarcely con- 
siders the foreigner when he writes so many sentences 
more than a hundred words in length. He brings 
together the results of his work on the vilayet of 
Skutari between 1905 and 1909, and he regards the 
state of the country as now unsuited to scientific 
work. His warm words of gratitude to the moun- 
taineers who were ready to lay down their lives for 
him (p. 280) show that his dangers did not originate 
with the regular—or irregular—inhabitants. The 
thrust of the Alpine movements here came from the 
north-north-east. Radiolarian deposits occur on a 
Jurassic horizon, but they do not seem to be asso- 
ciated with the ‘‘green rocks,’ serpentine, gabbro, 
and diorite, which appear about the same level in 
another part of the area. The photographs of the 
bare rocky highlands have a geographical interest of 
their own. F. Kossmat (1911, p. 339) reports on the 
geology of the mercury mining region of Idria, and 
suggests (p. 383) that the ores were originally im- 
ported during Triassic eruptions, and were brought 
into their present position by thermal waters under 
the influence of the Alpine movements. 
Wiktor KuZzniar writes in German on the folding 
of the Flysch on the north side of the Tatra (Bull. 
Internat. Acad. Sci. de Cracovie, 1910, ser. A, p. 38)- 
The Eocene Magura Sandstone in the upper part of 
| the Flysch is regarded as part of a sheet thrust over 
the Tatra and over the earlier Flysch from the south, 
probably by post-Miocene movements. The base of 
the Eocene is now shown to have been laid down on 
ht on p ' an eroded surface of Triassic rocks (p. 40), and the 
institute occasionally extends far afield, as when Franz | 
Mesozoic and older strata of the Tatra at that time 
| had much the same structure as they have now. 
Aspang (Niederésterreich) ” (1911, p. 285), enters the | 
field as an opponent of the view that dynamic meta- 
morphism has much to do with the origin of crystal- 
line schists. He shows how composite gneisses were 
The details of Mrs. M. M. Ogilvie-Gordon’s paper 
on the thrust-masses in the western district of the 
Dolomites (Trans. Edin. Geol. Soc., vol. ix., IgIo, 
special part, price 7s.) cannot be fully discussed here. 
The work has involved the observation of very many 
miles of boundary, and the author concludes, as is well 
Ikxnown from her other work, in favour of the isolation 
of the dolomite masses from their original surround- 
ings by faults and thrust-planes. The contrast be- 
tween their wall-like fronts and the bedded strata on 
their flanks is thus explained, without a resort to the 
theory of coral-reefs rising contemporaneously amid 
normal marine deposits. The thrust-plane over which 
the Schlern Dolomite is held to have moved is well 
photographed in plates ii., viii., and ix. The illus- 
trations throughout are of a high order, and the boldly 
coloured sections recall those of the quarto publica- 
tions of the early days of geological controversy. A 
comparison of the map of the Langkofl area (pl. xiii.) 
with that by Mojsisovics will show the extent to which 
slicing of the country has been invoked to account 
for the startling pre-eminence of the dolomite-masses 
in the scenery. Additional results published by the 
author in the Verhandlungen der k.k. geol. Reichs- 
anstalt for 1910 were referred to in Nature, vol. 
Ixxxv., p- 280. 
G. Steinmann (Mitteil. der geol. Gesell., Vienna, 
1910, p- 285) urges that the central gneiss of the Tauern 
area is pre-Permian, and that the ‘‘ Hochstegenkalk ” 
and other sediments associated with the gneiss are 
of later date, their metamorphism being due to the 
formed in his area on the margin of the granite of | overfolding on them of the recumbent sheets of later 
NO. 2235, VOL. 89| 
