Part 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE : HELENIEAE 103 



2. Tetraneuris pygmaea (A. Gray) Wooton & Standley, Contr. 



U. vS. Nat. Herb. 16: 193. 1913. 



Actinella depressa pygmaea A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 4: 100. 1849. 



A densely pulvinate acaulescent perennial, the branches covered with matted hairs; leaves 

 densely clustered on the caudex, 1-1.5 cm. long, linear or linear-oblanceolate from a broad 

 base, silky and punctate; heads sessile among the leaves; involucre nearly 1 cm. broad; ligules 

 about 3 mm. long, obovate, 3-toothed; disk-corollas 3 mm. long; achenes densely hirsute, 

 2 mm. long; squamellae nearly 3 mm. long, ovate, with a short awn-tip. 



Type locality: Raton Mountains, New Mexico. 

 Distribution: New Mexico. 



3. Tetraneuris septentrionalis Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 37: 447. 



1910. 



A i -tinella acaulis A. Nelson; Coult. & Nels. Man. 558, mainly. 1909. Not A. acaulis Nutt. 1818. 



An acaulescent cespitose-pulvinate perennial, with a thick caudex; leaves spatulate, or 

 oblanceolate, mostly rounded at the apex, 1.5-4 cm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, canescently silky- 

 villous, subvelutinous; scape 5-10 cm. high, rather thick, appressed silky-canescent; involucre 

 6-7 mm. high, 12-15 mm. broad, densely villous; bracts elliptic, rounded at the apex; ligules 

 8-10 mm. long, 5-6 mm. wide, stronglj' veined; disk-corollas 3 mm. long; tube 0.5 mm. long; 

 throat sparingly glandular-hirsutulous ; achenes 3 mm. long, fully 1 mm. broad, densely hirsute; 

 squamellae broadly oval, nearly 2 mm. long, the midvein usually produced into an awn-tip. 



Type locality: Palouse Country, Idaho. 



Distribution: Saskatchewan, Montana, northern Wyoming and Idaho. 



4. Tetraneuris acaulis (Pursh) Greene, Pittonia 3: 265. 1898. 



Gaillardia acaulis Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 743. 1814. 



Actinella acaulis Nutt. Gen. 2: 173. 1818. 



Actinea acaulis Spreng. Syst. 3: 574. 1826. 



Cephalophora acaulis DC. Prodr. 5: 663. 1836. 



Ptilepida acaulis Britton, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 339. 1894. 



Picradenia acanlis Britton; Britt. & Brown, 111. Fl. 3: 449. 1898. 



Tetraneuris incana A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 28: 128. 1899. 



Tetraneuris eradiata A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 37: 275. 1904. 



Actinella eradiata A. Nelson; Coult. & Nels. Man. 559. 1909. 



Actinella incana A. Nelson; Coult. & Nels. Man. 559. 1909. 



An acaulescent cespitose-pulvinate perennial, with a thick woody caudex; leaves crowded 

 at the base, linear-oblanceolate or nearly linear, 2-5 cm. long, 2-6 mm. wide, densely silky- 

 canescent, mostly erect; scape 1-2 dm. high, appressed-silky, slender; involucre densely villous, 

 6-7 mm. high, 10-12 mm. broad; bracts lance-elliptic, acute; ligules 8-10 mm. long, 4-5 mm. 

 wide, or sometimes wanting; disk-corollas 3 mm. long; tube 0.6 mm. long; throat puberulent; 

 achenes 2.5 mm. long, densely hirsute; squamellae 1.5 mm. long, lanceolate or ovate, the 

 midrib produced into an awn nearly as long. 



Type locality: "Upper Louisiana" [North Dakota]. 

 Distribution: North Dakota to Texas, New Mexico, and Montana. 



Illustrations: Britt. & Brown, HI. Fl. /. 3970; ed. 2, /. 4539; Clements, Rocky Mt. Fl. 

 pi. 41, f. 2. 



5. Tetraneuris simplex A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 28: 127. 1899. 



A0tnella simplex A. Nelson; Coult. & Nels. Man. 558. 1909. 



An acaulescent cespitose perennial; leaves crowded on the caudex, somewhat appressed- 

 pubescent but not silky, in age glabrate, ascending or erect, linear-oblanceolate, tapering 

 into margined petioles, 4-7 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide; scape 1.5-2 dm., rarely 2.5 dm., high, 

 slender, more or less silky; involucre 7-8 mm. high, 12-15 mm. broad; ligules S-10 mm. long, 

 5-7 mm. wide; disk-corollas 4 mm. long; achenes nearly 3 mm. long, densely hirsute; squamel- 

 lae ovate, tapering into an awn, including the awn full}' 3 mm. long. 



Type locality: Not given; but type was collected on the Laramie Hills, Wyoming. 

 Distribution: South Dakota to Colorado and Wyoming. 



