130 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [Volume 34 



Helenhim Xuttallii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 204. 1874. 

 Heleniastrum Helenium Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 342. 1891. 



A simple perennial, with a rootstock; stem glabrous, 3-7 dm. high, slightly winged; basal 

 leaves several, linear or linear-oblanceolate, 1-1.5 dm. long, entire or undulate or denticulate; 

 stem-leaves few, linear, slightly decurrent, glabrous; heads solitary, radiate; peduncles 1-3 

 dm. long; bracts numerous, linear or linear-lanceolate, 5-7 mm. long, spreading; ray-flowers 

 neutral, numerous; ligules yellow, 10-18 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; disk yellow, depressed- 

 hemispheric, 1.5-2 cm. broad; corollas 4.5 mm. long; tube 0.5 mm. long; achenes 1 mm. long, 

 glabrous; squamellae 6-8, 1.5-2 mm. long, ovate, erose. 



Type locality: Open swamps of Carolina. 

 Distribution: South Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. 



31. Helenium incisum (T. & G.) Wood, Bot. & Fl. 182. 1870. 



Leptopoda incisa T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 2: 387. 1842. 



Helenium Nuttallii incisum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 204. 1874. 



A simple slender perennial, with a short rootstock ; stem 3-7 dm. high, glabrous or sparingly 

 puberulent, only slightly winged; basal leaves linear-oblanceolate or linear, rather thick, 

 5-10 cm. long, pinnately lobed or coarsely toothed, the lobes or teeth alternate; upper stem- 

 leaves linear or linear-subulate, merely dentate; peduncles 5-15 cm. long, thickened below the 

 head; bracts linear-subulate, 5-8 mm. long, spreading, in age recurved; ray-flowers neutral; 

 ligules yellow, 1-1.5 cm. long, 5-7 mm. wide, deeply lobed; disk yellow, 15-20 mm. broad; 

 corollas 4 mm. long; tube minute; achenes 1.5 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly glandular- 

 granuliferous; squamellae oval, fimbriate. 



Type locality: Georgia. 

 Distribution: Georgia to Mississippi. 



32. Helenium vernale Walt. Fl. Car. 210. 1788. 



Leptopoda puberula T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 2: 387, mainly. 1842. Not L. puberula MacBride. 1824. 

 Heleniastrum vernale Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 342. 1891. 



A simple perennial; stem 3-6 dm. high, more or less puberulent or short- villous, striate, 

 scarcely winged; basal leaves oblanceolate or spatulate, 5-10 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, not 

 fleshy, more or less puberulent, entire or undulate, rarely denticulate ; stem-leaves lanceolate, 

 much smaller, entire; peduncles 5-15 cm. long, thickened under the involucre; head solitary; 

 bracts lance-subulate, 5-6 mm. long, often purplish, spreading, in age recurved; ray-flowers 

 many, neutral; ligules yellow, about 1 cm. long; disk 1.5-2 cm. broad, depressed-hemispheric; 

 corollas 4 mm. long, glandular-puberulent; tube very short; achenes 1.5-2 mm. long, hir- 

 sutulous on the ribs; squamellae oblong, erose. 



Type locality: Carolina. 

 Distribution: Carolina to Florida. 



33. Helenium pinnatifidum (Schw.) Rydberg. 



Leptopoda puberula MacBride; Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 445. 1824. 



? Leptopoda floridana Raf. Atl. Jour. 147. 1832. 



Leptopoda pinnatifida Schw.; Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 372. 1841. 



Leptopoda puberula pinnatifida T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 2: 387. 1842. 



Helenium puberulum Wood, Bot. & Fl. 182. 1870. Not H. puberulum DC. 1836. 



Helenium vernale A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. I 2 : 350, mainly. 1884. Not H. vernale Watt. 1788. 



A simple perennial, with a rootstock; stem 3-7 dm. high, more or less puberulent or short- 

 villous; basal leaves linear-oblanceolate, usually coarsely toothed or pinnatifid, somewhat 

 puberulent, somewhat fleshy, 5-20 cm. long; stem-leaves small, linear or lance-linear, dentate 

 to entire; heads solitary, 5-15 cm. long, enlarged under the involucre; bracts 5-7 mm. long, 

 spreading, at last recurved; ray-flowers neutral; ligules yellow, 6-10 mm. long, deeply cleft; 

 disk yellow, 1-2 cm. broad; corollas 4.5 mm. long; tube very short; achenes 1.5-2 mm. long, 

 hirsute on the angles; squamellae oblong, 1.5 mm. long, erose. 



Type locality: East Florida. 



Distribution: North Carolina to Florida and Alabama. 



