Tribe 1. VERNONIEAE 
By Henry ALLAN GLEASON 
Heads homogamous, hermaphrodite, I—-many-flowered. Scales of the 
involucre loosely or closely imbricate in few or several spiral series, or in decus- 
sate pairs, or rarely few and not imbricate. Receptacle flat or subconvex, 
normally smooth or pitted, rarely hairy, bristly, or chaffy. Corolla white to 
red or blue, never yellow, frequently glandular without, regularly toothed or 
lobed, or rarely irregularly lobed (Elephantopus and allied genera) or subligu- 
late (Stokesia). Anthers sagittate at base or in some genera subcaudate. 
Branches of the style slender, tapering, acute, hairy without, stigmatose within, 
or fused nearly to the apex. Achenes terete, subterete, 10-angled, or 10-cos- 
tate, or by reduction or interposition 3-20-costate or angled. Pappus none, 
or of bristles, of scales, or of both scales and bristles, in one or more series. 
Annual or perennial herbs, shrubs, vines, or small trees, with alternate or 
scattered (rarely opposite), simple, entire or serrate, sessile or petiolate leaves. 
Heads separate 
Pappus an entire or minutely denticulate cartilaginous ring; stems 
herbaceous. s 
Pappus-bristles none; achenes 1—2 mm. long; involucre 5 mm. high 
or less. 1. STRUCHIUM. 
Pappus-bristles present within the cartilaginous ring; achenes | cm. 
long; involucre about 2 cm. high. 2. PACOURINA. 
Pappus of short caducous bristles; outer involucral scales foliaceous; 
heads many-flowered; diffusely branched herbs with petioled serrate 
leaves. 3 
Pappus persistent, or somewhat deciduous in a few species with 1—10- 
flowered heads, of scales, of bristles, or of scales and bristles; 
stems herbaceous or woody. 
Corollas regularly lobed, tubular. 
Receptacle not chaffy. 
Foliage glabrous or pubescent, but not lepidote. 
Pappus-bristles in one or more series, essentially uniform 
in length. 
Leaves all basal. 4. LACHNORHIZA. 
Leaves chiefly cauline. 
Stems woody; leaves densely tomentose beneath. 5. LEIBOLDIA. 
Stems herbaceous; leaves thinly pubescent be- 
neath. 6. CYANTHILLIUM. 
Pappus in two series, the outer series of scales or bristles 
and much shorter than the inner. 
Inner pappus of numerous terete or slightly flattened 
bristles. 
Heads 5—many-flowered; scales of the involucre 
persistent, spreading or reflexed at maturity. 
Heads 1—8-flowered, in rounded corymboid clus- 
ters; scales of the involucre deciduous before 
or with the achenes. 8. EREMOSIS. 
Inner pappus of a few linear scales; heads 2-flowered. 9. OLIGANTHES. 
Foliage lepidote; woody plants with 4~—8-flowered heads. 
Seales of the outer pappus concrescent into a short tube 
with lacerose margin; inner pappus of a few bristles. 10. EKMANTA. 
Scales or bristles of the outer pappus distinct. 
Outer pappus of broad scales, the inner of twisted 
. CENTRATHERUM. 
. VERNONIA. 
“I 
linear scales. 11. Prerocoma. 
Outer pappus of linear scales, the inner of bristles. 12. PIPTOCARPHA. 
Receptacle chaffy; floceose or tomentose herbs with large, 
many-flowered heads. 13. BOLANOSA. 
Corollas irregularly lobed, appearing subligulate; stems herbaceous. 14. STOKEsIA. 
Heads aggregated into secondary capitula or glomerules 
Corolla 5-cleft; style deeply 2-lobed; involucral scales 8 or more. 
Pappus-bristles all alike, straight. 
Pappus-bristles numerous, not enlarged at base. 15. ORTHOPAPPUS. 
VOLUME 33, ParT 1, 1922 47 
