ParT 1, 1922] CARDUACEAE: VERNONIEAE o1 
Stems stout, strongly angled, 1-2 m. high, sparingly branched, densely cinereous-tomentose; 
leaf-blades thick, subcoriaceous, obovate, 14-24 cm. long, 7-12 cm. wide, acute or abruptly 
short-acuminate, sharply mucronately serrate, regularly tapering to a rounded, truncate, 
or subcordate base, dull-green and scabrous above, densely and softly cinereous beneath, 
sessile or short-petioled, with prominent veins and reticulate veinlets; heads numerous, sessile 
or nearly so, crowded; involucre hemispheric to broadly campanulate, 16 mm. high, scales 
erect, tomentose, especially near the base, the outer ovate, the inner oblong-linear, regularly 
tapering to a long, acuminate, carinately veined tip; achenes 2.5 mm. long, sharply 5-angled, 
sometimes with secondary intermediate ribs, surmounted by a narrow callus-ring; pappus 
white, fragile, 10 mm. long. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico. 
DISTRIBUTION: Mexico. 
2. Leiboldia serrata (D. Don) Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 
164. 1906. 
Diazeuxis serrata D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 16: 254. 1830. 
Vernonia arctioides Less. Linnaea 6: 400. 1831. 
Leiboldia arctioides Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 743. 1847. 
Stems shrubby, thinly cinereous-tomentose; leaf-blades firm, broadly obovate-elliptic, 
12-18 em. long, 5-8 em. wide, acute, finely and sharply serrate, with an intramarginal row 
of brownish or purple callosities, rounded at the nearly sessile base, scabrellate above, densely 
gray-tomentose beneath, the’ veins prominent, reticulate; inflorescence crowded, 6-15 cm. 
broad; peduncles about 5 mm. long; involucre broadly campanulate, 15-18 mm. high; scales 
acute, thickly tomentose or arachnoid, closely imbricate in many series, not carinately veined, 
the outer triangular-ovate, acute, the inner linear, long-acuminate; achenes glabrous, 2.5 mm. 
long, surmounted by a yellowish callus-ring about 0.5 mm. wide; pappus pale-brown to nearly 
white, rather caducous, 10 mm. long. : 
TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico. 
DISTRIBUTION: Mexico. 
6. CYANTHILLIUM Blume, Bijdr. 889. 1826. 
Isonema Cass. Bull. Soc. Philom. 1817: 152. 1817. 
Cyanopis Blume, Fl. Jav. 1: vi. 1828. 
Cyanopsis Endl. Ench. 232. 1841. 
Claotrachelus Zoll. & Mor.; Zoll. Nat. Arch. Neérl.-Indié 2: 565. 1845. 
Stems herbaceous, erect, leafy, freely branched. Leaves alternate, petiolate, pinnately 
veined. Heads small, homogamous, many-flowered, in loose corymbiform clusters at the 
ends of the branches. Involucre hemispheric, the scales imbricate in many series, rigid, 
aristate, erect. Receptacle flat, alveolate. Corolla blue or purple, 5-cleft. Amnthers and 
styles as in Vernonia. Achenes glabrous, 4-5-angled, truncate. Pappus capillary, fragile 
or caducous, its bristles equal, minutely barbellate. 
“Type species, Conyza chinensis Lam. 
1. Cyanthillium chinense (am.) Gleason, Bull. Torrey 
Club 40: 306. 1913. 
Conyza chinensis Lam. Encyce. 2: 83. 1786. 
Conyza patula Ait..Hort. Kew. 3: 184. 1789. 
Centratherum chinense Less. Linnaea 4: 320. 1829. 
Vernonia chinensis Less. Linnaea 6: 105, 674. 1831. 
Cacalia patula Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 324. 1891. 
Stems erect, freely branched, 4-8 dm. high, glabrate or thinly pubescent; leaf-blades 
thin, spreading, broadly ovate, 6-10 cm. long, 3-7 cm. wide, acute, serrate, abruptly con- 
tracted at base into a petiole 2-3 cm. long, nearly glabrous above, thinly pubescent beneath; 
upper leaves smaller and narrower; heads peduncled in clusters of 2-5, or single at the end 
of long peduncles; involucre broadly campanulate to hemispheric, 6-7 mm. high; scales closely 
imbricate at base, erect or somewhat spreading at the apex, green with a scarious margin, 
