52 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 33 
thinly strigose and resinous; achenes glabrous, 1.5-2 mm. long; pappus nearly white, 3 mm. 
long. 
TYPE LOCALITY: East Indies and China. 
DISTRIBUTION: Tropical Asia; introduced into Guadeloupe. 
7. VERNONIA Schreb. Gen. 2:541. 1791. 
Suprago Gaertn. Fruct. 2: 402. 1791. 
Baccharoides Moench, Meth. 578. 1794. 
Ascaricida Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 3: Suppl. 38. 1816. 
Lepidaploa Cass. Bull. Soc. Philom. 1817: 66. 1817. 
?Achyrocoma Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 26:21. 1823. 
Seneciodes Post & Kuntze, Lex. Gen. Phan. 2: 515. 1903. 
Annual or perennial herbs, shrubs, vines, or small trees, with alternate or scattered 
simple leaves. Stems usually leafy, branching at least above. Inflorescence typically of 
scorpioid cymes which are terminal or from the upper axils, by branching becoming paniculate 
or corymbiform, or reduced to solitary, terminal or axillary heads. Heads homogamous, 
5-many-flowered. Involucre narrowly campanulate or subcylindric to broadly hemispheric; 
in most species urceolate with constricted throat but becoming campanulate to hemispheric 
under pressure. Involucral scales loosely or closely imbricate in few or many series, the 
inner progressively longer, persistent and spreading at maturity ‘except section Stenocepha- 
lum). Receptacle flat or subconvex. Corolla regular, the limb 5-cleft. Anthers sagittate 
at base, rounded or subacute, not prolonged into caudate appendages. Achenes ribbed or 
ribless, truncate. Pappus in two series, the outer short, of scales or bristles, the inner capillary, 
of terete or slightly flattened bristles. 
Type species, Serratula noveboracensis \. 
Involucral scales stiff, erect, appressed at base, prolonged into a 
spreading or recurved spinose tip; heads cylindric, 5-flowered, 
opposite the axils; corolla-lobes with parallel sides and triangular 
tips. 
Outer involucral scales appressed at base, terminated by a foliaceous, 
green, membranous, veiny, flattened appendage; heads many- 
flowered; leaves coarsely and sharply serrate; an Asiatic herb 
introduced into North America. II. STENGELIA. 
Involucral scales neither spiny nor green and foliaceous. 
Achenes terete, ribless or faintly ribbed; inner pappus-bristles 
deciduous; annual herb. III. TEPHRODES. 
Achenes 10-ribbed; inner pappus-bristles persistent. IV. LEPIDAPLOA. 
_ 
. STENOCEPHALUM. 
I. STENOCEPHALUM 
One species in Mexico. 1. V. jucunda. 
II. STENGELIA 
One species in the West Indies. 2. V. anthelmintica. 
III. TEPHRODES 
One species in Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and southern 
Florida. 3. V. cinerea 
IV. L&EpIDAPLOA 
Heads all or chiefly subtended by foliaceous bracts, in simple or compound 
racemiform or spiciform cymes or in capitate clusters. 
Heads in elongate or contracted cymes. 
Achenes pubescent or hirsute. 
Involucral scales acute to subulate. 
Leaf-blades glabrous or puberulent to densely sericeous 
beneath, but not tomentose. 
Cymes elongate or contracted, many-headed; bracteal 
leaves smaller than the cauline. 
Leaf-blades lanceolate or broader, flat or only 
slightly revolute; inflorescence ample, ter- 
minal or subterminal. 
Heads 11—29-flowered. 
Involucres 6-11 mm. high, the outer scales 
subulate and loosely spreading; species 
of Cuba, Mexico, and Central America. 
Leaf-blades obtuse, bullate above, densely 
tomentose beneath. 40. V. pineticola. 
Leaf-blades acute or acuminate, hirsute, 
pubescent, or glabrate beneath. 
