ParT 1, 1922 CARDUACEAE: VERNONIEAE 
Involucre campanulate, its scales more or less spread- 
ing when dry; heads 11—18-flowered. 
Leaves acute or acuminate. 
Leaf-blades lanceolate to ovate, acuminate; 
principal involucral scales villous through- 
out. 
Leaf-blades broadly ovate, acute or sub- 
acuminate; principal involucral scales 
thinly villous below to almost glabrous at 
the tip. 
Leaves very blunt; principal involucral scales 
ciliate at the apex with black hairs. 
Involucre subcylindric, its coriaceous scales not 
spreading when dry; heads 5—8-flowered. 
Heads many-flowered; leaves not resinous-dotted; pap- 
pus-bristles terete or nearly so; species of Mexico 
and Central America. 
Inner involucral scales constricted below a dilated 
tip 2-3 mm. wide; leaf-blades papillose-scabrous 
above. 
Inner involucral scales narrowed to a tip 1 mm. wide 
or less; leaf-blades glabrous and shining above. 
Achenes glabrous. 
Achenes 1.5—2 mm. long; Porto Rican plant with slender flex- 
uous cymes. 
Achenes 3-5 mm. long;species of Cuba and Hispaniola, with 
stout cymes. 
Heads all peduncled. 
Heads sessile. 
Involucral scales erect or appressed. 
Leaf-blades thin or firm, not coriaceous and shining. 
Leaf-blades glabrous or puberulent beneath. 
Leaf-blades villous beneath. 
Leaf-blades tomentose beneath. 
Inner involucral scales obtuse or subacute. 
Inner involucral scales apiculate. 
Leaf-blades narrowly oblong, entire or 
nearly so. 
Leaf-blades elliptic-oblong, 
rate. 
Leaf-blades thick, coriaceous and shining. 
Involucre campanulate; heads with 18 or more 
flowers. 
Involucre cylindric; heads 8-flowered. 
Involucral scales loose and spreading, recurved, re- 
flexed, or squarrose. 
Leaf-blades thin, not coriaceous nor shining; invo- 
lucral scales elongate, subulate. 
Leaf-blades thick, coriaceous, shining; inner invo- 
lucral scales cuspidate. 
Heads closely aggregated in capitate or subcapitate clusters; bracteal 
leaves approximating the cauline in size; species of Cuba and 
Hispaniola. 
Leaf-blades glabrous above, tomentose beneath, not glandular- 
punctate. 
Leaf-blades glandular-punctate on one or both sides. 
Achenes thinly pubescent; scales of the outer pappus nearly or 
quite 1 mm. long. 
Achenes glabrous or nearly so, frequently glandular; scales of 
the outer pappus 0.4-0.6 mm. long. 
Leaf-blades tomentulose beneath; heads 11-flowered; pap- 
pus strongly tinged with rose. 
Leaf-blades minutely puberulent or glabrous beneath; 
pappus yellowish or tawny; heads 8-flowered. 
Involucre subcylindric or narrowly campanulate, the 
inner scales erect. 
Involucre funnel-form, the inner scales widely spread- 
ing. 
Heads not bracteate, or with subulate bracts only, in simple or branched 
scorpioid cymes or in branched clusters. 
Heads chiefly or all sessile, in simple or branched scorpioid cymes; 
species all tropical. 
Cymes elongate, straight or curved, simple or only sparingly 
branched. 
Outer pappus of bristles not wider than those of the inner 
series and not evidently flattened. 
Outer pappus of flattened scales. 
sharply ser- 
42. V. 
43. V 
44. V. 
45... V. 
T7av 
18. V 
112 Ve 
46. V 
47. V 
48. V 
49. V 
SO 
51. V 
Cyan g 
53. V 
54. V 
55. V 
56. V 
SRV 
58. V 
59. V 
60. V 
61. V 
acuminata. 
. expansa. 
vrigida. 
pluvialis. 
Schiedeana. 
. Seemanniana. 
borinquensis. 
. Sprengeliana. 
. Sagraeana. 
. viminalis. 
. fallax. 
. acer atoides. 
. Inaequiserrata 
. Valenzuelana. 
. purpurata. 
. aronifolia. 
. Wrightii. 
. yunquensis. 
. Segregala. 
. Tuerckheimii. 
. domingensis. 
. buxifolia. 
. pallescens. 
55 
