PART 1, 1922 CARDUACEAE: VERNONIEAE 
Pubescence of the lower leaf-surface sparse, of long 
or short, straight, conic hairs. 
Pubescence of the lower leaf-surface chiefly or en- 
tirely of crooked, multilocular hairs. 
Principal involucral scales abruptly acute or sub- 
acuminate; leaves softly pubescent or sub- 
tomentose beneath, with prominent veins. 
Principal involucral scales sharply long-acute; 
leaves sparsely pubescent beneath, the veins 
not prominent. 
Inflorescence corymbiform, its branches irregular in length; heads 
few to many, on peduncles of irregular length or some nearly 
sessile; species of northern Mexico, the United States, and 
the Bahama Islands. 
Heads large and many-flowered, 15-20 mm. broad; involucral 
scales auminate or filiform at the tip; leaf-blades linear to 
lanceolate. 
Leaf-blades about 3 mm. wide, revolute, lanate beneath. 
Leaf-blades 5—20 mm. wide, flat, glabrous or nearly so. 
Heads small or medium-sized, 4-12 mm. broad, with few to 
many flowers. 
Involucral scales rounded to acute or abruptly short- 
acuminate. 
Involucral scales tomentose on the back. 
Leaves revolute, densely white-woolly beneath. 
Leaves flat, not white-woolly beneath. 
Involucre campanulate; its scales sparsely ciliate. 
Involucre hemispheric; its scales densely arach- 
noid-ciliate. 
Involucral scales glabrous, thinly pubescent, or arach- 
noid on the back. 
Outer pappus of flattened scales, nearly uniform in 
length, and sharply differentiated from the 
bristles of the inner series. 
Pubescence on the lower leaf-surface of short, 
straight, conic hairs, with or without 
longer hairs on the veins; involucral scales 
glandless or rarely thinly resinous-dotted. 
Leaf-blades lanceolate to ovate. 
Pappus tawny or yellowish. 
Heads 34—-55-flowered. 
Leaf-blades broadly obovate-ob- 
ong or oval; involucral scales 
acute. 
Leaf-blades oblong-lanceolate; in- 
volucral scales acuminate. 
Heads 18—29-flowered. 
Leaf-blades pitted beneath. 
Leaf-blades narrowly lanceolate. 
Leaf-blades lanceolate to ellip- 
‘tic. 
Leaf-blades not pitted beneath. 
Involucre 5-6 mm. high, its 
scales acute to short-acumin- 
ate. 
Involucre 3-4 mm. high, its 
scales rounded to subacute. 
Pappus purple. 
Heads 18—29-(rarely 13-) flowered. 
Heads 8—13-flowered. 
Leaf-blades linear. 
Leaf-blades scabrous above. 
Lower leaf-surface pitted; involucral 
scales glabrous or nearly so; pappus 
tawny. 
Lower leaf-surface not pitted; pappus 
usually purple. 
Inner involucral scales mucronate 
to subacute. 
Inner involucral scales obtuse to 
rounded. 
Leaf-blades glabrous above or nearly so. 
Pappus purple; heads 8—13-flowered. 
Involucre 3—4+ mm. high. 
Involucre 6—7 mm. high. 
Pappus tawny to white; heads 18—29- 
flowered. 
86. V. capreaefolia. 
88. 
89. 
90. 
96. 
fe 
92 
93° 
94. 
SMe 
103. 
104. 
105. 
106. 
94. 
100. 
ames 
Vv. 
Ves 
SN 
. Sinclairi. 
. liatroides. 
. Belleana. 
. crinita. 
. Lindheimeri. 
. guadalupensis.. 
. Reverchonit. 
Schaffneri. 
. Greggit. 
. texana. 
. Ervendber git. 
. ovalifolia. 
flaccidifolia. 
. altissima. 
. gigantea. 
. texana. 
. angustifolia. 
. dissimilis. 
. gigantea. 
. concinna. 
