Part 1, 1922] CARDUACEAE: VERNONIEAE 59 
closely gray- or white-tomentose beneath; upper and bracteal leaves similar but smaller; 
heads 5-flowered, standing opposite and a little below each bracteal leaf which later bears 
a secondary head in its axil; involucre 8-10 mm. high, cylindric or narrowly campanulate, 
scales stiff, imbricate and appressed at base, papillose-villous, lanceolate-oblong to ovate- 
oblong, long-acuminate into a squarrose, subulate, glabrous, terete, callous tip; achene pubes- 
cent on the ridges, 2.5 mm. long; pappus pale-tawny, the bristles 5 mm. long, the scales 
trough-shaped, 1—1.1 mm. long. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Sierra de Tonala, Chiapas. 
DISTRIBUTION; Chiapas. 
2. Vernonia anthelmintica (L,.) Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1634. 1804. 
Conyza anthelmintica 1,. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1207. 1763. 
Baccharcides anthelmintica Moench, Meth. 578. 1794. 
Ascaricida indica Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 3: Suppl. 38. 1816. 
Ascaricida anthelmintica Sweet, Hort. Brit. 219. 1826. 
Stems herbaceous, branching, glabrous or nearly so; leaf-blades thin, bright-green, 
obovate to oblanceolate, 8-18 cm. long, 2-6 cm. wide, acute or somewhat acuminate, coarsely 
and sharply serrate with mucronate teeth, gradually tapering into the narrow sessile base, 
very sparsely puberulent on both sides, or essentially glabrous; heads many-flowered, all 
pedicelled, forming a loose, few-headed, terminal, corymbose cluster; involucre hemispheric, 
10-12 mm. high; scales erect, linear-oblong, acute, glabrous or puberulent, the inner colorless 
and appressed, the outer colorless at the appressed base, green and foliaceous above; achenes 
black, hirsute, 4 mm. long; pappus tawny tinged with rose, the inner series 6 mm. long, the 
outer minute, of narrowly triangular scales about 0.4 mm. long. 
TYPE LOCALITY: India. 
DISTRIBUTION: Tropics of the Old World; introduced into Jamaica. 
ILLUSTRATION: Rheede, Hort. Mal. 2: pl. 24. 
3. Vernonia cinerea (L,.) Less. Linnaea 4: 291. 1829. 
Conyza cinerea L. Sp. Pl. 862. 1753. 
Cacalia cinerea Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 323. 1891. 
Seneciodes cinereum Kuntze; Post & Kuntze, Lex. Gen. Phan. 515. 1904. 
Stems herbaceous, erect, simple or freely branched, 1—8 dm. high, glabrate below, cinere- 
ous-pubescent above; leaf-blades thin, bright-green, spreading, variable in shape from narrowly 
elliptic or oblanceolate to broadly ovate or triangular, 2-5 cm. long, acute or obtuse, serrate, 
crenate, or entire, abruptly constricted at the base into a margined petiole, cinereous-pubescent 
beneath; inflorescence corymbose, 2-10 cm. wide; bracteal leaves subulate; heads about 13- 
flowered; involucre campanulate, 3-4 mm. high; scales loosely and irregularly imbricate, 
thinly pubescent, the outer subulate, the inner linear-oblong, acuminate, purplish at the apex; 
achenes pubescent; pappus white, the inner series 5 mm. long, the outer minute. 
TYPE LOCALITY: India. 
DISTRIBUTION: Tropics of the Old World; introduced throughout tropical America as far 
north as Mexico and southern Florida. 
ILLUSTRATIONS: Rheede, Hort. Mal. 10: pl. 64; Wight, Ilustr. pl. 134. 
4. Vernonia argyropappa Buek, Index Prodr. 2: v. 1840. 
Vernonia Poeppigiana DC. Prodr. 5:55. 1836. Not V. rods arias DC. Prodt 53205 
Vernonia geminiflora Poepp.; Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3 1845. 
Cacalia argyropappa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 969. 1891. 
Stems herbaceous, at least 1 m. high, sparsely hirsute-pubescent with brown hairs; leaf- 
blades thin but firm, obovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 8-12 cm. long, 2—3.5 cm. wide, 
acuminate, entire or minutely serrulate, gradually narrowed to the almost sessile base, rugose 
and papillate-pilose above, softly strigose-hirsute and resinous beneath; upper leaves similar 
but smaller; inflorescence sparingly branched, of several divaricately spreading cymes bearing 
each 4-10 heads; oes leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, otherwise like the cauline, the 
lowest 4 cm. long, 1.2 cm. wide, the upper smaller; heads 21—34-flowered, 2-3 cm. apart; 
volucre broadly cheanie or nearly hemispheric, 8-10 mm. high; scales subulate or the inner 
narrowly linear, erect, sparsely pilose; pappus white, the bristles 6-8 mm. long, the outer scales 
1-1.2 mm. long; achenes 3 mm. long, hirsute. 
