62 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 33 
Stems shrubby, climbing, 5-30 dm. high, branching above, striate, slender, glabrous or 
nearly so; leaves spreading or somewhat reflexed, the blades firm, ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 
3-6 cm. long, 13-35 mm. wide, acuminate, entire, somewhat revolute, rounded or obtuse 
at the base, minutely and sparsely papillose-pubescent and becoming scabrous above, pubes- 
cent with short curved hairs or occasionally sericeous, and usually resinous-dotted beneath; 
petioles 2-5 mm. long; inflorescence lax and open, of numerous, divaricately spreading, freely 
branched, flexuous cymes 5-15 cm. long; bracteal leaves resembling the cauline in shape, the 
lower 2.5—3.5 cm. long, reduced above, the upper equaling or barely exceeding the involucre; 
heads 1-2 cm. apart, about 18-flowered; involucre 6 mm. high, turbinate-campanulate; scales 
loosely imbricate, the outer somewhat spreading, acuminate, glabrous or nearly so, the inner 
sparsely strigose-pubescent; achenes 1.5-2 mm. long, densely pubescent or rarely glabrous; 
pappus tawny, the bristles 5 mm., the scales 0.5-1.1 mm. long. 
TYPE LocALITY: Mt. Guvuy, near Utuado, Porto Rico. 
DISTRIBUTION: Porto Rico. 
ILLUSTRATION: Ark. Bot. 1315: fl. 2, f. 7. 
12. Vernonia arborescens (I,.) Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 1320. 1806. 
Conyza arborescens 1,. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1213. 1759. 
Vernonia divaricata Sw. Fl. Ind. Oce. 1319. 1806. 
Vernonia arborescens Swartziana Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 353. 1861. 
Vernonia intonsa Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 182. 1906. 
Vernonia alticoma Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 185. 1906. 
Vernonia amaranthina Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 40: 307. 1913. 
Cacalia arborescens Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 323. 1891. 
Stems shrubby, tall and erect, freely branching above, pubescent, becoming glabrate 
or puberulent with age; leaf-blades very variable, thin or firm, elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, 
2-10 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide, obtuse to short-acuminate, entire or repand, acute or rounded 
at base, flat or somewhat rugose, papillose-pubescent with short strigose hairs or scabrellate 
with persistent hair-bases above, sparingly pubescent to sericeous with papillose hairs, resin- 
ous-dotted, and prominently reticulately veined beneath; inflorescence expanded or contracted, 
the cymes usually short and crowded; bracteal leaves much reduced in size or none; heads 
11—29-flowered; involucre campanulate, 4-6 mm. high; scales loosely and irregularly imbricate 
in few series, not resinous, the outer sharply acute to nearly subulate, villous, the inner narrowly 
lanceolate, subacute to acuminate, villous at base and apex or throughout; achenes densely 
hirsute; pappus white, the bristles 4-5 mm. long, the scales 0.6-0.8 mm. long. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica. 
DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica. 
ILLUSTRATION: Ark. Bot. 13": pl. 2, f. 6. 
13. Vernonia permollis Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. 
Gard. 4:181. 1906. 
Stems shrubby, branching, nearly terete, coarsely tomentose-pubescent; leaf-blades firm, 
broadly ovate, 6-9 cm. long, 3-5 em. wide, acute or abruptly short-acuminate, entire, broadly 
rounded or subcordate at base, rugose above and finely scabrous-pubescent with impressed 
veins, softly and densely sericeous-villous beneath with gray or brown hairs, which are most 
abundant along the veins; petioles tomentose, 5-7 mm. long; upper leaves similar but smaller; 
inflorescence hemispheric or pyramidal; cymes short, crowded, irregularly branching, bearing 
few heads; bracteal leaves much shorter than the involucre or occasionally wanting; heads 
sessile, crowded, 11-flowered; involucre campanulate, 4-5 mm. high; scales loosely and 
irregularly imbricate, the outer lanceolate, acuminate, sparsely pubescent, the inner oblong- 
lanceolate, sharply acute to acuminate, the exposed portion glabrous or with a tuft of hairs 
near the tip; achenes densely pubescent; pappus-bristles white, 4-5 mm. long, the outer 
scales 0.6—0.8 mm. long. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica. 
DISTRIBUTION: Higher mountains of Jamaica. 
