64 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 33 
17. Vernonia Schiedeana Less. Linnaea 6: 399. 1831. 
? Vernonia fragrans Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 1: 24. 1824. 
Cacalia Schiedeana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 970. 1891. 
? Cacalia fragrans Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 970. 1891. 
Stems shrubby, climbing, 1-3 m. high, softly pubescent; leaf-blades thick, firm, coriaceous, 
oblong-lanceolate, 10-15 em. long, 2-5 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate, entire, narrowed to 
an obtuse base, papillose-scabrous above and puberulent on the veins, papillose-strigose or 
merely puberulent beneath; petioles 5—10 mm. long; inflorescence freely branched, of numerous, 
lax, divaricate or recurved cymes; bracteal leaves resembling the cauline but much smaller; 
heads about 40-flowered; involucre broadly campanulate, 8-10 mm. high, the outer and 
middle scales sharply acute or acuminate with a prominent elevated midvein, essentially 
glabrous, the inner scales oblong, ciliate, somewhat constricted near the apex and terminated 
by a flat, broadly rounded or emarginate tip 2-3 mm. wide, incurved in bud and spreading 
at anthesis; achenes hirsute, 2.5 mm. long; pappus pale straw-color or nearly white, the 
bristles 7-8 mm. long, the outer scales linear, 1-2 mm. long. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Papantla [Veracruz]. 
DISTRIBUTION: Vera Cruz to Honduras. 
18. Vernonia Seemanniana Steetz; Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 139. 
1854. 
Cacalia Seemanniana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 970. 1891. 
Stems shrubby, climbing, pubescent; leaf-blades subcoriaceous, ovate-lanceolate to 
oblong-lanceolate, 8-10 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. wide, sharply acuminate, entire and frequently 
somewhat revolute, rounded or obtuse at the base, rugose, glabrous and shining above, resinous- 
dotted and minutely puberulent beneath, especially along the prominently reticulate veins; 
inflorescence of numerous spreading cymes 1-2 dm. long; heads 10-15 mm. apart; involucre 
broadly campanulate, 6-8 mm. high; scales closely imbricate, the outer triangular-lanceolate, 
ciliate and pubescent, with a prominent midvein, the inner narrowly lanceolate, gradually 
tapering toa flat, obtuse and mucronate or acute, abruptly spreading tip less than 1 mm. wide; 
achenes hirsute with erect white hairs, 2 mm. long; pappus nearly white, the bristles 5 mm. 
long, the scales white and shining, nearly 1 mm. long. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Chiriqui volcano, Veraguas, Costa Rica. 
DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica. 
19. Vernonia vernicosa Klatt, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 
35: 294. 1896. 
Vernonia vernicosa comosa Greenman, Proc. Am. Acad. 30: 93. 1903. 
Stems shrubby, glabrous or thinly pubescent; leaf-blades coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate 
to ovate, 6-10 em. long, 2-4 cm. wide, acute or short-acuminate, entire, rounded at the base, 
glabrous on both sides, or rarely strigose-hirsute, pitted below; petioles 3-4 mm. long; 
upper leaves somewhat smaller; inflorescence loose, the cymes few, flexuous and spreading; 
bracteal leaves oblong, puberulent or pilose beneath, the largest 3 cm. long; heads about 
50-flowered, 1-2 cm. apart; involucre campanulate, 10 mm. high; scales regularly imbricate, 
firm or coriaceous, with yellow margin and tip, the outer narrowly triangular-subulate, gla- 
brous or sparsely villous, with prominent midvein, the inner narrowly oblong, erect or barely 
spreading, glabrous, acute or subacute; achenes densely hirsute; pappus white, the bristles 
7 mm. long, the scales conspicuous, 1 mm. long. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Banks of the Rio Varilla, Costa Rica. 
DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica. 
20. Vernonia racemosa Delponte, Mem. Accad. Torino 
II. 14: 396. 1854. 
Vernonia araripensis Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 181, in part. 1906. Not V. araripensis 
Gardn. 1846. 
Vernonia sericea racemosa Ekman, Ark. Bot. 13!*: 85. 1914. 
