84 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 33 
inently floccose-tomentose beneath, on petioles 5-12 mm. long; upper leaves similar but 
smaller; inflorescence compact, hemispheric; heads about 11-flowered; involucre broadly 
campanulate, 5 mm. high; scales glabrous, subacute, cuspidate; achenes minutely pubescent, 
resinous in the furrows, 3 mm. long; pappus very pale-tawny, the bristles 6 mm. long, the 
scales narrowly linear, 1 mm. long. 
TYPE LOCALITY: [Oaxaca,] Mexico. 
DISTRIBUTION: Oaxaca and Chiapas. 
86. Vernonia capreaefolia (Schultz-Bip.) Gleason, 
Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 200. 1906. 
Vernonia Ehrenbergiana capreaefolia Schultz-Bip.; Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 200, as 
synonym. 1906. 
Stems erect, suffrutescent, at least 1 m. high, simple to the inflorescence, scabrous-puberu- 
lent or glabrate; leaf-blades coarse, firm, usually bright-green, broadly elliptic, 9-20 cm. long, 
2.5-9 ecm. wide, tapering regularly to an acute tip, serrulate or coarsely serrate, narrowed or 
cuneate at base, scabrous and frequently rugose above, glabrate or puberulent with short 
conic hairs beneath, the veins prominently reticulate; petioles 2-10 mm. long; upper leaves 
similar but smaller; inflorescence broadly pyramidal or hemispheric, 1-3 dm. wide, puberulent; 
heads 11—18-flowered; involucre campanulate, 5-6 mm. high; scales loosely and irregularly 
imbricate, glabrous or nearly so, minutely ciliate or entire, purple or purple-tinged, the outer 
lanceolate, acuminate and cuspidate, the inner acute or subacute, mucronulate; achenes 2.5 
mim. long, resinous in the furrows; pappus pale-tawny, 4.5—5 mm. long, the scales very ir- 
regular, 0.6—1.4 mm. long. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico. 
DISTRIBUTION: Western Mexico, from Durango to Oaxaca. 
87. Vernonia Sinclairi Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 109. 1845. 
Vernonia Ehrenbergiana Schultz-Bip. Linnaea 20: re 1847. 
Cacalia Ehrenbergiana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 969. 1891. 
Cacalia Sinclairi Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 970. 1891. 
Stems herbaceous, erect, 10-25 dm. high, cinereous-pubescent or becoming glabrate in 
age; leaf-blades elliptic to obovate, 3-8 cm. long, 1.2—-4 cm. wide, acute or short-acuminate, 
serrate to nearly entire, scabrous above, cinerous-pubescent or subtomentose beneath, especially 
along the prominent veins, on petioles 3-10 mm. long; upper leaves similar but smaller; 
inflorescence hemispheric or depressed-pyramidal, 1-2 dm. wide; heads 8—11-flowered, on 
peduncles 3-6 mm. long; involucre campanulate, 4-5 mm. high; scales appressed, loosely 
imbricate, purple-tipped, the outer triangular-lanceolate, cuspidate, ciliate, the inner oblong- 
lanceolate, abruptly acute or subacuminate, cuspidate, entire; achenes 2.5 mm. long, glandular 
in the furrows; pappus nearly white, 4-5 mm. long, the scales narrowly linear, 0.8 mm. long. 
TYPE LOCALITY: San Blas, Tepic. 
DISTRIBUTION: Tepic and Michoacan to Veracruz. ° 
, 
88. Vernonia liatroides DC. Prodr. 5:34. 1836. 
Eupatorium tulanum Klatt, Abh. Nat. Ges. Halle 15: 324. 1882. 
Cacalia liatroides Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 970. 1891. 
Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, erect, puberulent; leaf-blades firm, elliptic-oblong or 
oblong-lanceolate, 5-8 cm. long, 1.5-2 cm. wide, acute or short-acuminate, sharply serrate, 
especially above, acute or cuneate at base, scabrellate above, ferruginous-puberulent beneath, 
especially on the veins, sessile or short-petioled; upper leaves similar but smaller; inflorescence 
depressed-hemispheric; heads about 11-flowered, on peduncles 3-5 mm. long; involucre 
campanulate, 3-4 mm. high; scales loosely imbricate in few series, lanceolate or oblong- 
lanceolate, glabrous or finely ciliate, regularly tapering to an acute, cuspidate, purple tip; 
achenes 1.5—2 mm. long, resinous in the furrows; pappus pale-tawny, the bristles 4 mm. long, 
the narrow scales irregular, averaging 0.8 mm. long. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Between Tula and Tampico [Tamaulipas]. 
DISTRIBUTION: Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi to Veracruz. 
