ParT 1, 1922] CARDUACEAE: VERNONIEAE 85 
89. Vernonia Bolleana Schultz-Bip.; Seemann, Bot. 
Voy. Herald 297. 1856. 
Cacalia Bolleana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 969. 1891. 
Stems simple, floccose; leaf-blades thick, narrowly linear, 6-8 cm. long, 3 mm. wide, 
glabrous and dark-green above, lanate beneath, one-nerved, revolute; heads few, many-flowered, 
on subulately bracted peduncles 4-6 cm. long from the upper axils; involucre turbinate- 
campanulate, 15 mm. high; scales imbricate in several series, closely appressed, straight and 
erect, linear or nearly so, long-acuminate, floccose near the base, becoming glabrate toward 
the purple tip and resinous in two lines along the midvein; achenes 3 mm. long, densely canes- 
cent, obtusely ribbed; pappus nearly white, the bristles 8 mm. long, the scales linear, 1-1.3 
mm. long. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Sierra Madre, northwestern Mexico. 
DISTRIBUTION: Northwestern Mexico. 
90. Vernonia crinita Raf. New Fl. 4:77. [20] 1838. 
Vernonia arkansana DC. Prodr. 7: 264. [?D] 1838. 
Cacalia arkansana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 969. 1891. 
Stems erect, simple or sparingly branched, leafy, glabrous and somewhat glaucous to 
minutely puberulent, 1-3 m. high; leaf-blades narrowly lanceolate to broadly linear, 8-15 cm. 
long, 5-20 mm. wide, acuminate, entire or with scattered callous teeth, tapering to the base, 
glabrous or sparingly pubescent; inflorescence with 5-40 heads; peduncles stout, thickened 
above; heads 55—89-flowered; involucre broadly hemispheric, 12-20 mm. wide; scales glabrous 
or pubescent, especially at the tip, lanceolate or ovate at the appressed base, acuminate into 
long, flexuous, subulate, erect or spreading tips, involute below, becoming filiform above; 
achenes strongly ribbed, glabrous or nearly so, usually resinous in the furrows, 5-6 mm. 
jong; pappus dull-purple, the bristles 6-7 mm. long. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Arkansas. 
DISTRIBUTION: Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, and Oklahoma. 
ILLUSTRATIONS: Sitgreaves, Rep. Exp. Bot. pl. 2; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 3602; ed. 2. f. 4140. 
91. Vernonia Ervendbergii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 203. 1882. 
Stems erect, branched above, 5-9 dm. high, glabrous; leaf-blades firm, lanceolate or 
oblong-lanceolate to elliptic, 5-10 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide, acute to acuminate, remotely 
serrulate, narrowed to a sessile base, puberulent beneath, especially on the veins, and some- 
times pitted; inflorescence open, very loose and irregular; heads 21—29-flowered; involucre 
broadly campanulate to nearly henispheric, 4-5 mm. high; scales appressed, irregularly 
imbricate in few series, glabrous or arachnoid on the back, thinly ciliate, lanceolate or oblong- 
lanceolate, purple, at least at the short-acuminate or sharply acute apex; achenes sharply 
ribbed, 3.5 mm. long, sparsely pubescent on the ribs, resinous in the furrows; pappus tawny; 
the bristles 5-6 mm. long, the outer scales very narrow, 0.6—0.7 mm. long. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Near Tantoyuca [Veracruz]. 
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Mexico. 
92. Vernonia Schaffneri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 
17: 204. 1882. 
Stems erect, simple to the inflorescence, 3-7 dm. high, glabrous below, pubescent above; 
leaves numerous, the blades thin, bright-green, obovate, oblong, or broadly elliptic, 5-8 cm. 
long, 2-3.5 cm. wide, obtuse, entire, or serrulate toward the apex, tapering to a sessile base, 
papillose-scabrellate above, glabrous and pitted on the surface beneath, pubescent on the 
prominent reticulate veins; upper leaves but little smaller; inflorescence open, flattened, 
1 dm. wide; heads about 40-flowered; involucre campanulate-hemispheric, 7-8 mm. high; 
_ scales purple, appressed, regularly and closely imbricate, glabrous or minutly ciliate, the 
outer lanceolate, acute, the inner oblong-lanceolate, obtuse; achenes puberulent, resinous 
in the furrows, 3 mm. long; pappus tawny, the bristles 6 mm. long, the scales narrowly linear, 
1.1-1.3 mm. long, 
