Part 1, 1922] CARDUACEAE: VERNONIEAE 89 
104. Vernonia flaccidifolia Small, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 144. 1898. 
Vernonia flaccidifolia angustifolia Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 46: 248. 1919. 
Stems erect, glabrous, 8-15 dm. high; leaf-blades thin, bright-green, lanceolate to ovate, 
12-20 cm. long, 3-6 cm. wide, or rarely narrower, long-acuminate, sharply and saliently 
serrate, abruptly narrowed at base into margined petioles, minutely puberulent on both 
sides; inflorescence flattened, loose, irregular, |-3 dm. wide; heads about 21-flowered; involucre 
broadly hemispheric, 3.5—4 mm. high; scales appressed, regularly and closely imbricate, green 
with a purple apex or margin, glabrous on the back, minutely ciliate, obtuse to broadly rounded, 
or the outermost subacute; achenes 3.5 mm. long, thinly pubescent on the ridges, dark-dotted 
in the furrows; pappus tawny, the bristles 6 mm., the scales 0.5-0.6 mm. long. 
TypPE LocaLity: Ringgold, Georgia. _ ’ 
DISTRIBUTION: Tennessee, South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama. 
105. Vernonia altissima Nutt. Gen. 2: 134. 1818. 
Vernonia albiflora Raf. Herb. Raf. 29. 1833. 
Vernonia fasciculata y T. & G.Fl.N.Am.2:58. 1841. 
Vernonia fasciculata 6 'T.& G. Fl. N. Am. 2:58. 1841. 
Vernonia gigantea Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 20: 485, in part. 1893. 
Vernonia maxima Small, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 280. 1900. 
Vernonia gigantea pubescens Morris, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 13: 179. 1900. 
Vernonia maxima pubescens Morris; Britton, Man. 919. 1901. 
_ Vernonia altissima pubescens Daniels, Univ. Missouri Stud. Sci. 1: 402. 1907. 
Vernonia altissima taeniotricha Blake, Rhodora 19: 167. 1917. 
Vernonia altissima brevipappa Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 46: 248. 1919. 
Vernonia altissima laxa Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 46: 248. 1919. 
Stems erect, 10-30 dm. high, branched above, glabrous or nearly so; leaf-blades thin, 
bright-green, narrowly elliptic, lanceolate, or lance-ovate, 15-25 cm. long, 3-7 cm. wide, 
long-acuminate, gradually attenuate at base, sharply and irregularly serrate to nearly entire, 
essentially glabrous above, minutely puberulent on the surface beneath, or tomentose along 
the principal veins; inflorescence flattened or concave, 2—5 dm. broad, loose and open; heads 
(13—)21—-29-flowered; involucre campanulate, 4-5 mm. high, or rarely larger; scales appressed, 
regularly imbricate, ovate to oblong-ovate, glabrous or puberulent, sparsely ciliate or entire, 
obtuse or rounded to acute or short-cuspidate; achenes thinly puberulent, rarely sparsely 
resinous in the furrows; pappus purple, the bristles 5-7 mm. long, the scales 0.1-0.8 mm. long. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Near Savannah, Georgia. 
_,_  DisrriputTion: New York to Ohio and Missouri, south to South Carolina, Georgia, and Lou- 
isiana. 
ILLUSTRATIONS: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 3605; ed. 2. f. 4144. 
106. Vernonia gigantea (Walt.) Trel.; Brann. & Cov. 
Rep. Geol. Surv. Ark. 1888!: 189. 1891. 
Chrysocoma gigantea Walt. Fl. Car. 196. 1788. 
Vernonia altissima Less. Linnaea 6: 639, in part. 1831. Not V. allissima Nutt. 1818. 
Vernonia ovalifolia T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 2: 59, in part. 1841. 
Vernonia altissima parviflora A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. 17: 90. 1884. 
Cacalia gigantea Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 324. 1891. 
Vernonia oligantha Greene, Pittonia 5: 56. 1902. 
Vernonia gigantea praealta Daniels, Univ. Missouri Stud. Sci. 1: 402. 1907. 
Stems erect, branched above, 5-20 dm. high, glabrous or nearly so; leaf-blades thin, 
bright-green, lanceolate to elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 8-20 cm. long, 1-7 cm. wide, acute to 
acuminate, sharply serrate or the upper nearly entire, narrowed to an acute or acuminate 
base, glabrous, minutely puberulent, or scabrellate at the margin, minutely puberulent and 
resinous beneath; petioles 5-20 mm. long; inflorescence flattened, loose, irregular, 5-40 cm. 
broad; heads 8—13-flowered; involucre obpyramidal, 3-4 mm. high; scales loosely and irregular- 
ly imbricate in few series, oblong to oblong-ovate, obtuse and rounded to sharply acute, 
glabrous or puberulent, frequently ciliate; achenes thinly pubescent on the ridges, resinous in 
the furrows, 3-3.5 mm. long; pappus dull-purple, the bristles 5-6 mm. long, the scales narrow, 
0.6-0.7 mm. long. 
TYPE LOCALITY: South Carolina. : 
DISTRIBUTION: South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. 
