90 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 33 
107. Vernonia Lettermanni Engelm.; A. Gray, Proc. Am. 
Acad. 16: 78. 1880. 
Cacalia Lettermannii Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 970. 1891. 
Stems erect, 2-5 dm. tall; glabrous; leaves crowded, ascending, the blades linear, 3-6 cm. 
long, 1-3 mm. wide, somewhat revolute, glabrous, glandular-punctate beneath, 1-nerved; 
inflorescence terminal, compact, 2-5 cm. wide; heads crowded, 8—13-flowered; involucre 
cylindric or narrowly campanulate, about 8 mm. high; scales closely imbricate and appressed, 
purple, glabrous on the back, ciliate, the outer triangular and sharply acute, the inner oblong, 
acute or acuminate; achenes glabrous, resinous, 4-5 mm. long; pappus-bristles purple, 7 mm. 
long, the scales nearly white, 0.7 mm. long. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Sandbars Of the Washita, Arkansas. 
DISTRIBUTION: Arkansas and Oklahoma. 
108. Vernonia interior Small, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 279. 1900. 
Stems erect, simple to the inflorescence, 1—2 m. tall, finely and closely pubescent; leaf- 
blades firm, elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 6-20 cm. long, 2-6 cm. wide, acuminate, sharply 
serrate, narrowed to the base, glabrous to scabrellate above, thinly tomentose to nearly 
glabrous and resinous-dotted beneath; inflorescence loose, 1-3 dm. wide, bearing numerous 
21-(18-29-)flowered heads; involucre narrowly campanulate, 6-7 mm. high; scales regularly 
imbricate, purple or green with purple margin, appressed at base, erect or slightly spreading, 
the outer triangular, sharply acute to cuspidate, the inner elongate, sharply acute to acuminate, 
resinous on the back, with prominent carinate midvein; achenes puberulent on the ribs, 
glandular in the furrows, 3 mm. long; pappus purple, the bristles 6 mm. long, the outer scales 
narrowly linear. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Jackson County, Missouri. 
DISTRIBUTION: Jowa and eastern Nebraska to Arkansas and Texas. 
109. Vernonia Baidwini Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y.2:211. 1827. 
Vernonia sphaeroidea Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 283. 1840. 
Cacalia gigantea Baldwini Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 324. 1891. 
Cacalia Baldwini Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 969. 1891. 
Vernonia interior Baldwini Mackenzie & Bush, Man. Fl. Jackson Co. 190. 1902. 
Vernonia Duggariana Daniels, Univ. Missouri Stud. Sci. 1: 360. 1907. 
Vernonia flavipapposa Daniels, Univ. Missouri Stud. Sci. 1: 360. 1907. 
. Vernonia parthenioides Daniels, Univ. Missouri Stud. Sci. 1: 360. 1907. 
Vernonia peralta Daniels, Univ. Missouri Stud. Sci. 1: 362. 1907. 
Vernonia Pseudobaldwinii Daniels, Univ. Missouri Stud. Sci. 1: 362. 1907. 
Vernonia Pseudodrummondii Daniels, Univ. Missouri Stud. Sci. 1: 363. 1907. 
Stems erect, 6-15 dm. tall, pubescent or tomentose; leaf-blades firm, ovate-lanceolate, 
8-15 em. long, 2.5-5 cm. wide, acuminate, sharply serrate, narrowed to an acute base, 
puberulent above, tomentose and resinous beneath, sessile or nearly so; inflorescence freely 
branched, open, irregular, 1-2 dm. broad; heads 18—34-flowered; involucre campanulate or 
thick-cylindric, 5-7 mm. high; scales closely and regularly imbricate, green with purple margin, 
thinly pubescent and resinous on the back, arachnoid-ciliate, pubescent within at the acuminate 
squarrose or reflexed tip; achenes thinly pubescent and resinous, yellowish or brown, 3 mm. 
long; pappus tawny, tinged with purple, the bristles 6 mm. long, the scales narrowly linear. 
TYPE LOCALITY: On the Missouri, above St. Louis. 
DISTRIBUTION: Illinois to Arkansas and Oklahoma. 
ILLUSTRATIONS: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 3603; ed. 2. f. 4146. 
110. Vernonia aborigina Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 46: 246. 1919. 
Stems stout, herbaceous, brown-tomentose, especially above; leaf-blades ovate-lanceolate, 
8-15 cm. long, 2-4 em. wide, acuminate, remotely denticulate with low ascending callous 
teeth, narrowed below into an obtuse or rounded sessile or subsessile base, scabrous above 
with short papillose hairs, densely brown-tomentose beneath; inflorescence compact, 11-13 
cm. wide, with relatively few heads; heads large, with 55 flowers or more; involucre broadly 
campanulate, 7-$ mm. high, the scales closely and regularly imbricate, lanceolate to linear- 
