ParT 1, 1922] CARDUACEAE: VERNONIEAE 91 
oblong, squarrose or recurved at the apex, acute, thinly ciliate at the brown margin, resinous 
and thinly puberulent at the purple center, elsewhere green and glabrous, the midvein promin- 
ent and frequently prolonged into a short mucro; achenes olivaceous, 3.5 mm. long, pubescent 
on the ribs, resinous in the furrows; pappus red-tawny, the bristles 7 mm. long, the linear 
scales as long as the diameter of the achene. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Oklahoma, west of Fort Smith, Arkansas. 
DISTRIBUTION: Oklahoma. 
111. Vernonia missurica Raf. Herb. Raf. 28. 1833. 
Vernonia fasciculata BT. & G. Fl. N. Am. 2: 58. 1841. 
Vernonia altissima grandiflora A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. 1°: 90. 1884. 
Vernonia Drummondii Shuttlew.; Werner, Jour. Cinc. Soc. Nat. Hist. 16: 171. 1894. 
Vernonia interior Drummondii Mackenzie & Bush, Man. Fl. Jackson Co. 190. 1902. 
Vernonia illinoensis Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 211. 1906. 
Vernonia Reedii Daniels, Univ. Missouri Stud. Sci. 1: 364. 1907. 
Vernonia michiganensis Daniels, Univ. Missouri Stud. Sci. 1: 402. 1907. 
Vernonia missurica austroriparia Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 46: 245. 1919. 
Stems erect, 10-15 dm. tall; branched above, gray-tomentose; leaves numerous, the 
blades spreading, firm, sessile or short-petioled, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 6-15 cm. long, 
1.5—5 cm. wide, long-acuminate, sharply and coarsely serrate to nearly entire, acute or rounded 
at base, dark-green and scabrellate above, tomentose beneath, at least along the veins; in- 
florescence flattened or concave, 1-5 dm. broad; heads 34-55-flowered; involucre broadly 
campanulate, short-cylindric, or hemispheric, 6-8 mm. high; scales appressed, closely and 
regularly imbricate, purple, or greenish along the midvein, glabrous or puberulent and resinous 
on the back, arachnoid-ciliate, rounded, obtuse, acute, or mucronate; achenes 4-4.5 mm. long, 
puberulent to nearly glabrous on the ribs, resinous in the furrows; pappus purple or becoming 
tawny, the bristles 6-8 mm. long, the scales usually paler, 0.8—0.9 mm. long. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Missouri. 
DISTRIBUTION: Ontario and Iowa to Alabama, Mississippi, and New Mexico. 
ILLUSTRATIONS: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 3607; ed. 2. f. 4147. 
112. Vernonia fasciculata Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 94. 1803. 
Cacalia fasciculata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 970. 1891. 
Vernonia fasciculata nebraskensis Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 46: 247. 1919. 
Stems erect, glabrous, purple or greenish-purple, 6-12 dm. high; leaves numerous, 
erect or ascending, the blades thin, bright-green, linear to narrowly lanceolate, or broadly 
lanceolate in some forms, 8-15 cm. long, 4-7 mm. wide, long-acuminate or acute, denticulate 
to sharply dentate with ascending or salient teeth, narrowed to a sessile base, glabrous on 
both sides or minutely puberulent, deeply pitted beneath; inflorescence dense, hemispheric 
or flattened, 4-10 cm. wide; heads crowded, sessile or short-peduncled, 18—21-flowered; 
involucre narrowly campanulate to subcylindric, 6 mm. high, red or purple; scales appressed ° 
and regularly imbricate, subacute to rounded, glabrous, sparsely ciliate, or rarely puberulent, 
the exposed portion not more than 2 mm. wide;achenes 3 mm. long, puberulent on the ribs, resi- 
nous in the furrows; pappus purple, the inner bristles 7-8 mm. long, the outer series similar 
but shorter. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Illinois. 
DISTRIBUTION: Ohio to Minnesota and Oklahoma. 
ILLUSTRATIONS: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 3606; ed. 2. f. 4145. 
113. Vernonia marginata (Torr.) Raf. Atl. Jour. 146. 1832. 
Vernonia altissima marginata Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y.2: 210. 1827. 
Vernonia Jamesii T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 2: 58. 1841. 
Cacalia marginata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 968. 1891. 
Stems erect, simple to the inflorescence or rarely branched, 4-8 dm. high, glabrous or 
minutely puberulent; leaf-blades pale-green, firm, crowded, linear-lanceolate, 6-10 cm. long, 
4-8 mm. wide, acute or acuminate, entire or remotely denticulate, 1-nerved or with faint 
lateral veins, glabrous on both sides or scabrellate above, conspicuously pitted beneath; inflores- 
cence flat, compact, 5-15 cm. wide; heads about 18-flowered; involucre campanulate or thick- 
cylindric, 8-10 mm. high; scales appressed, closely and regularly imbricate, glabrous or 
