94 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 33 
Stems erect, 10-16 dm. high, glabrous or nearly so; leaf-blades narrowly ovate-lanceolate 
or elliptic-lanceolate to almost ovate, 10-25 cm. long, 2-10 cm. wide, short-acuminate, sharply 
and saliently dentate, abruptly narrowed at base into a short margined petiole, glabrous or 
scabrellate above, paler and thinly puberulent beneath and frequently brown-pubescent on 
the veins; inflorescence loose, flattened, 1-3 dm. wide; heads 34—47-flowered; involucre broadly 
campanulate to hemispheric, 6-7 mm. high;scales closely imbricate, glabrous or puberulent 
on the back, arachnoid-ciliate, frequently resinous, lanceolate to triangular-ovate at the 
appressed base, some or all acuminate into a filiform tip 2-5 mm. long; achenes nearly glabrous 
on the prominent ribs, sparsely glandular in the furrows, 3.5 mm. long; pappus tawny or 
straw-colored, the bristles 6-7 mm., the outer scales 0.5-1 mm. long. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Maryland. 
DISTRIBUTION: Pennsylvania to Georgia and Alabama. 
ILLUSTRATIONS: Dill. Hort. Elth. pl. 262; Pluk. Phyt. pl. 280, f. 6; Gaertn. Fruct. pl. 166; 
Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 3604; ed. 2. f. 4142. 
122. Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2:95. 1803. 
Serratula noveboracensis 1,. Sp. Pl. 818. 1753. 
Serratula praealta L,. Sp. Pl. 818. 1753. 
Behen noveboracense Hill, Hort. Kew. 68. 1768. 
Behen praealtum Hill, Hort. Kew. 68. 1768. 
Serratula caroliniana Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Serratulano.7. 1768. 
Chrysocoma tomentosa Walt. Fl. Car. 196. 1788. 
Vernonia praealta Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2:95. 1803. 
Vernonia tomentosa Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 288. 1821. 
Vernonia Rugeliana Shuttlew.; A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1:82. 1852. 
Cacalia noveboracensis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 324. 1891. 
Vernonia noveboracensis tomentosa Britton; Porter & Britton, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 311. 1894. 
Stems erect, 10-20 dm. tall, glabrous or thinly pubescent; leaf-blades lanceolate, 10-18 
cm. long, 1.5-4 cm. wide, acuminate, sharply serrate to nearly entire, narrowed below, sessile 
or short-petioled, glabrous or scabrellate above, puberulent or thinly tomentose beneath, 
especially on the veins; inflorescence flattened, loose, 1-3 dm. wide; heads 29-47-flowered; 
involucre campanulate, 6-7 mm. high; scales regularly and closely imbricate, arachnoid- 
ciliate, frequently pubescent on the back, usually resinous, the outer subulate with spreading 
tips, the middle and inner with triangular or ovate purple tips ending in a flexuous filiform 
appendage 1-5 mm. long; achenes pubescent on the ribs, sparsely resinous in the furrows, 4-4.5 
mm. long; pappus purple or rarely tawny-purple, the bristles 6-7 mm. long, the linear scales 
0.4—0.8 mm. long. 
TYPE LOCALITY: New York. 
DISTRIBUTION: Massachusetts to Ohio, West Virginia, and Mississippi, mostly near the coast. 
ILLUSTRATIONS: Pluk. Phyt. pl. 109, f. 3; Dill. Hort. Elth. pl. 263, 264; Hill, Veg. Syst. 4: 
pl. 39, f. 3; Mathews, Fam. Fl. 234; Lounsberry, Guide Wild FI. pl. 162; Dana, Wild Fl. ed. 1900. 
pl. 149; Mathews, Field Book 467; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 3601; ed. 2, f. 4141. 
123. Vernonia Harperi Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 
4: 221.. 1906: 
Stems stout, erect, divaricately branched above, 1 m. tall or more, puberulent; leaf-blades 
thin, spreading or ascending, lanceolate, 12-18 cm. long, 1.5-3 em. wide, acuminate, sharply 
dentate, narrowed below into short petioles, scabrous above, especially near the margin, 
pubescent beneath; inflorescence very large, 3 dm. acrosss, lax, open, irregular; heads with 
55 flowers or more; involucre broadly campanulate, 7-9 mm. high; scales green with purple 
margin, closely and regularly imbricate, appressed and arachnoid-ciliate at the triangular-ovate 
base, not resinous, gradually tapering into long, erect awns; achenes minutely pubescent on 
the ribs, resinous in the furrows, 3.5-4 mm. long; pappus dull-purple, the bristles 6 mm., 
the scales 0.6—0.7 mm. long. 
TYPE LocaLity: Coffee County, Georgia. 
DISTRIBUTION: Georgia. 
UNCERTAIN OR EXCLUDED SPECIES 
VERNONIA AcCHYROCOMA Less. Linnaea 4:313. 1829. (Achyrocoma tomentosa Cass. 
Dict. Sci-4 Nat26:215, 18235) 
