Part 1, 1922] CARDUACEAE: VERNONIEAE 105 
lanceolate to narrowly elliptic-oblong, 5—10 cm. long, 1.5—3 cm. wide, acute, remotely denti- 
culate, narrowed to a subsessile base, glabrous above, or floceose when young, densely fulvous- 
tomentose beneath, the upper leaves gradually reduced to 2-3 cm. long; involucre white- 
floccose; scales oblong-lanceolate, the inner glabrous and red at the apex; chaff of the receptacle 
narrowly oblong, purple at the acuminate apex; corolla 1 cm. long, red-purple, glandular 
on the tube; achenes 3 mm. long, densely hirsute with white hairs; pappus white, the inner 
series 9 mm., the outer 4 mm. long. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Bolafios, Tepic. 
DISTRIBUTION: Tepic, 
14. STOKESIA L’Her. Sert. Angl. 16. 1788. 
Stems herbaceous, perennial. Leaves alternate, the lower petioled, the upper sessile and 
clasping, pinnately veined. Heads large, many-flowered, on terminal peduncles. Involucre 
depressed-hemispheric, the scales imbricate in several series, the outer coriaceous and appressed 
at base with foliaceous spreading ‘tips, the inner membranous, appressed. Receptacle flat, 
naked. Corolla blue, 5—cleft, the central ones nearly regular, the marginal ones much larger, 
with short tube and conspicuous, flattened, ligulate tip. Anthers sagittate, obtuse at base. 
Style-branches slender. Achenes 3—4-angled, truncate. Pappus of 4 or 5 narrow caducous 
scales. 
Type species, Carthamus laevis Hill. 
1. Stokesia laevis (Hill) Greene, Erythea 1:3. 1893. 
Carthamus laevis Hill, Hort. Kew. 57. 1768. 
Stokesia cyanea 1,’Hér. Sert. Angl. 17. 1788. 
Cartesia centauroides Cass. Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816: 198. 1816. 
Stems erect, 3-6 dm. tall, sparingly branched above, cinereous-tomentose, becoming 
glabrous with age; lower leaf-blades glabrous, narrowly oblanceolate to elliptic, 6-16 cm. long, 
1—4 cm. wide, acute, entire, tapering at base into a margined petiole nearly equaling the blade; 
upper leaf-blades narrowly lanceolate to broadly oblong, acute, entire, or with several promin- 
ent, salient, spinose teeth near the base, sessile, glabrous; heads 1—5, 4-6 cm. wide, terminating 
the branches, subtended by spinulose bracteal leaves 1—3 cm. long; involucre 1-2 cm. high; 
outer involucral scales broadly ovate at the appressed base, with narrowly lanceolate, foliace- 
ous, mucronate, spinulose-ciliate tips; inner scales appressed; achenes 5 mm. long. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Carolina. 
DISTRIBUTION: South Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. 
ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot. Mag. pl. 4966; Rev. Hortic. 1857: 211; Hill, Hort. Kew. pl. 5; Stand. 
Cycl. Hort. f. 3699. 
15. ORTHOPAPPUS Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 237. 1906. 
Stems herbaceous. Principal leaves basal, the cauline alternate, reduced or bract-like. 
Inflorescence spicate or the lower glomerules peduncled. Heads 4-flowered, aggregated into 
glomerules subtended by 1 or 2 bract-like. leaves. Involucre oblong, of 8 scales arranged in 
decussate pairs, the two outer pairs much shorter than the inner, and the alternate pairs 
conduplicate. Corolla, anthers, and styles as in Elephantopus. Achenes 10-striate. Pappus 
of about 30 uniform bristles, very slightly enlarged at base. 
Type species, Elephantopus angustifolius Sw. 
1. Orthopappus angustifolius (Sw.) Gleason, Bull. N. Y. 
Bot. Gard. 4: 238. 1906. 
Elephantopus angustifolius Sw. Prodr. 115. 1788. 
Elephantopus nudiflorus Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 2390. 1804. 
Elephantosis quadriflora Less. Linnaea 4: 323. 1829. 
Elephantosis angustifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 87. 1836. 
Elephantopus quadriflorus D. Dietr. Syn. Pl. 4: 1372. 1847. 
Stems erect, 3-10 dm. tall, hirsute with white hairs; blades of the basal leaves narrowly 
oblanceolate, 10-25 cm. long, 1.5-4 cm. wide, obtuse or subacute, shallowly and irregularly 
