108 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 33 
6. Elephantopus scaber L. Sp. Pl. 814. 1753. 
Stems erect, 1-4 dm. tall, branched at the base and in the inflorescence, hispid; leaves 
mostly basal, the blades firm, oblong-obovate, 8-12 cm. long, 4-6 cm. wide, obtuse, obscurely 
and irregularly crenate, gradually narrowed toward the base, scabrellate above and pubescent 
along the veins, resinous and densely pubescent, especially on the veins, beneath; upper 
leaves much reduced, elliptic-oblong, papillose-pubescent above; inflorescence freely branched, 
with stout peduncles; bracts broadly ovate, acute, reticulate, shorter than the heads or rarely 
longer; involucral scales 8 mm. long, green, scarious-margined, sharply acuminate, sparsely 
pilose near the apex; achenes 2.5 mm. long, pubescent; pappus-bristles 4.5 mm. long, gradually 
dilated into a long, narrowly triangular base. 
TYPE LOCALITY: India. 
DISTRIBUTION: Introduced into Costa Rica and Guatemala from the East Indies. 
7. Elephantopus mollis H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 26. 1818. 
Stems erect, freely branched above, 3-10 dm. high, pilose or hirsute; leaf-blades firm, 
dull-green, oblong to obovate or broadly elliptic, 8-15 cm. long, 3-6 cm. wide, acute, crenate, 
narrowed at base into a winged petiole, thinly pilose or scabrellate above, resinous-dotted 
and softly and closely pubescent beneath, especially on the veins; glomerules about 10 mm. 
high, mostly exceeding the triangular-cordate hirsute bracts; involucral scales thinly strigose, 
sharply acuminate; achenes minutely pilose, 3 mm. long; pappus-bristles 4 mm. long, dilated 
below into a triangular base at least half as wide as long. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela. : 
DISTRIBUTION: Cuba and Mexico, and south into tropical South America. 
ILLUSTRATION: Trans. Acad. St. Louis 12: pl. 9, f. F. 
8. Elephantopus dilatatus Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. 
Gard. 4: 240. 1906. 
Stems erect, 3 dm. high, hirsute with brown hairs, especially below; leaves trowded below, 
scattered above, the blades thick, narrowly oblong-oblanceolate, 6-10 em. long, 9-12 mm. 
wide, acute to subacute, remotely serrulate, long-attenuate below, very sparsely pilose with 
stiff appressed hairs on both sides, but especially on the veins beneath; inflorescence freely 
branching, with numerous glomerules; bracts 3, broadly ovate, abruptly short-acuminate, 
pilose, resinous-dotted, equaling or shorter than the heads; involucre 7 mm. high, the scales 
abruptly acuminate into a cuspidate tip, glabrate at base, slightly glandular and sparsely 
short-pilose toward the tip; achenes 2 mm. long, minutely pubescent; pappus-bristles 4 mm. 
long, abruptly dilated below into a broadly depressed-triangular base. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Banks of the Rio Ceibo, Buenos Aires, Costa Rica. 
DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica. 
9. Elephantopus hypomalacus Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 
525) 20 hs Oil 
Stems erect, branched above, 5—8 dm. tall, pilose or hispid; leaves chiefly cauline, the 
blades broadly obovate to oblong-obovate, 10-20 cm. long, 4-9 cm. wide, acute, serrate with 
low teeth, attenuate at base, dark-green and thinly papillose-pilose above, densely and softly 
pubescent, especially along the veins, and resinous-dotted beneath, reticulately veined; 
glomerules numerous, 10 mm. high; bracts 2-4, ovate, acute or mucronate, reticulately veined; 
involucre 8 mm. high, the scales acuminate, scarious-margined, papillose-pilose; achenes 3.5 
mm. long, sharply ribbed, pilose; pappus-bristles 4-5 mm. long, gradually dilated below to 
a triangular base about twice as long as wide. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Orotina, Costa Rica, alt. about 180 meters. 
DISTRIBUTION: Mexico, Guatemala, and Costa Rica. 
10. Elephantopus carolinianus Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 2390. 1804. 
Elephantopus violaceus Schultz-Bip. Linnaea 20: 517. 1847. 
Stems erect, branched, 3—8 dm. tall, densely hirsute below, pilose or becoming glabrate 
above; leaf-blades spreading, thin, bright-green, broadly elliptic to obovate, 10-20 cm. long, 
