ParT 1, 1922] CARDUACEAE: VERNONIEAE © 109 
3-10 cm. wide, obtuse to subacute, crenate, abruptly narrowed at base or tapering into a 
winged petiole, very thinly papillose-pilose or nearly glabrous above, resinous-dotted and 
thinly pilose with long spreading hairs beneath, numerous on the veins and veinlets, scattered 
on the surface; glomerules-numerous, 10-15 mm. high; bracts triangular-ovate, thinly pilose 
and resinous-dotted; involucre about 8 mm. high, the scales acuminate, thinly strigose- 
pubescent and resinous, green with colorless margins; achenes 4 mm. long, hispid; pappus- 
bristles purplish, 6 mm. long, gradually dilated into a narrowly triangular base. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Carolina. 
DISTRIBUTION: New Jersey to Florida, Kansas, and Texas; Cuba and Porto Rico. 
ILLUSTRATIONS: Trans. Acad. St. Louis 12: pl. 9, f. A; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 3609; ed. 2. 
jf. 4148. 
17. PSEUDELEPHANTOPUS Rohr, Skr. Nat.-Selsk. 
| Kjgb. 2: 213. 1792. 
Distreptus Cass. Bull. Soc. Philom. 1817: 66. 1817; Dict. Sci. Nat. 13: 366. 1819. 
Matamoria Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 1: 8. 1824. 
Stems leafy, freely branching, herbaceous, the alternate leaves dilated and clasping at 
the base. Inflorescence terminal, of slender panicled spikes. Glomerules sessile, with 1—5 
heads, subtended by usually 2 bract-like leaves. Heads 4-flowered. Involucre of 4 pairs of 
decussate scales, the first and third pairs conduplicate, the outer two pairs shorter than the 
inner. Corolla, styles, and stamens as in Elephantopus. Achenes 10-striate, flattened. 
Pappus of 10-15 bristles, with 2 long stout lateral ones plicate at the tip, 2 straight ones 
almost as long, and several short scarious bristles, all gradually dilated and fimbriate-ciliate 
at base. 
Type species, Elephantopus spicatus Juss. 
1. Pseudelephantopus spicatus (Juss.) Rohr, Skr. Nat.- 
Selsk. Kjgb. 2: 213. 1792. 
Elephantopus spicatus Juss.; Aubl. Pl. Guian. 2: 808. 1775. 
Distreptus spicatus Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 13: 367. 1819. 
Matamoria spicata Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr.1: 8. 1824. 
Distreptus spiralis Less. Linnaea 6: 690. 1831. 
Elephantopus crispus D. Dietr. Syn. Pl. 4: 1372. 1847. 
Stems herbaceous, erect, 3-10 dm. high, simple or freely branched, thinly pubescent or 
glabrate; leaf-blades ascending, variable in shape from narrowly oblong-linear to broadly 
elliptic or obovate, 5-15 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide, acute or obtuse, crenulate to entire, narrowed 
to a sessile clasping base, thinly papillose-pilose, especially on the veins, or glabrous, the upper 
leaf-blades oblong-linear or narrowly elliptic, much reduced in size; spikes numerous, ter- 
minating the stem and branches and forming a loose open panicle; bracteal leaves linear or 
narrowly oblong, barely exceeding the heads, or none; involucre narrowly campanulate or 
cylindric, about 1 cm. high, the scales appressed, sharply acuminate, green with colorless 
margins, glabrous or thinly pilose and frequently resinous; achenes densely hirsute on the 
ribs, resinous in the furrows, 7-8 mm. long; pappus pale-brown, 5-6 mm. long, the plicate 
bristles exserted from the involucre. 
TYPE LOCALITY: French Guiana. 
DISTRIBUTION: Cuba and Mexico to tropical South America; tropics of the Old World. 
ILLUSTRATIONS: Lam. Tab. Encyc. pl. 718, f. 2; Gaertn. Fruct. pl. 165; Bot. Zeit. 14: pl. 11, 
jf. 84-89; Trans. Acad. St. Louis 12: pl. 9, f. G. 
18. ROLANDRA Rottb. Coll. Soc. Med. Havn. 2: 256. 1775. 
Stems herbaceous, leafy. Leaves alternate, white-tomentose beneath, pinnately veined. 
Heads 1-flowered, subtended each by a scarious bract and aggregated into dense axillary 
glomerules. Involucre of two complicate, aristate scales, the outer larger and enclosing the 
inner. Corolla tubular, regularly 4-lobed. Anthers sagittate. Styles 2-cleft, the branches 
scarcely separate. Achenes 4-5-angled. Pappus a short, irregularly toothed crown.. 
Type species, Echinops fruticosa L. 
