43 95 
34. Dryopteris submarginalis (Langsd. et Fisch.) C. Chr. Ind. 296. 1905. 
Syn. Polypodium submarginale Langsd. et Fisch. Ic. Fil. 12 tab. 13. 1810. 
Aspidium caripense Mett. et auctt. 
Nephrodium caripense Hk. Bak. Syn. 265 et auctt. 
(For other synonyms see under the different forms). 
Type from S. Brazil, Sta. Catharina. 
As here understood this is the most variable species of the subgenus. Some 
of its forms are closely related to D. falciculata var. paranaensis, others to D. clenitis; 
certain South Brazilian forms resemble very much D. deflexa and an andine form 
is not unlike D. refulgens. All these forms are, however, connected by all possible 
intermediates, and I have found it impossible to distinguish them specifically, 
while they all differ, as a rule, from the related species by some few characters, 
which are common even to the most different forms. The species is distributed 
from Mexico to Peru and from N. Brazil to Uruguay, and I first succeeded in 
recognizing the special characters of the different forms by sorting the more than 
200 specimens examined by me after locality. Then it was found that almost all 
specimens from each of these three regions 1) Brazil from Sao Paulo south wards 
to Argentina and Uruguay, 2) Brazil from Sao Paulo northwards, and 3) Andes 
from Mexico to Peru constantly show some peculiarities, especially in the structure 
of the scales, by which they differ from specimens from another region but re- 
sembling them in size, habit, colour and other characters. 
D. submarginalis may be distinguished from allied species by the following 
characters: 
Stipe at base with a very dense mass of 3—4 cm long, thin, red-yellow scales. 
Leaf light-green, firmly herbaceous, ciliate, lower pinne generally reflexed; seg- 
ments oblique, rarely falcate, entire or often faintly toothed, obtuse or mucronate. 
Rachis and coste beneath more or less scaly, the scales red-yellow or red-brown 
with a long hair-like point, their margins toothed by short, mostly not curved 
teeth, the cell-walls clear. Coste beneath without hairs. Veins simple, 8—15, the 
basal ones running out near the sinus. Sori medial or slightly supramedial, 
reddish-yellow. Indusium small, reddish, glabrous, generally absent. — As a rule 
the surfaces are glabrous; in some specimens scattered hairs can be found mainly 
on the veins above, in others the under-surface is slightly glandular. 
In the following I shall try to explain the recognized forms. As the species 
was founded on a Brazilian form I begin with this, although it is not the most 
developed form of the species. 
A. South-Eastern forms 
1. forma vera (Langsd. et Fisch. tab. 13). 
Syn. Dryopteris Sellowii Hieron. Hedwigia 46: 324 lab. 3 fig. 1. 1907! 
Dryopteris soriloba Christ. in Fedde, Repertor. 6: 350. 1909! 
? Dryopteris collina Christ., Bull. L'Herb. Boiss. Il. 7: 922. 1907. 
13* 
