234 182 
231. Dryopteris refracta (Fisch. et Mey.) O. Ktze. Rev. 2: 813. 
1891; C. Chr. Ind. 288 pt. 
Syn. Polypodium refractum Fisch. et Mey.; Kze. Linnaea 25: 288, 321. 1850. 
Aspidium refractum A. Br. Ind. sem. ht. Berol. 1856. Mett. Aspid. nr. 238. 
Nephrodium refractum Hk. sp. 4: 162 tab. 252. 1862; Bak. Syn. 292. 
Type. Founded on cultivated specimens. The species was commonly cul- 
tivated in the botanical gardens in the middle of the last century, and I have seen 
several authentical specimens from various herbaria. It is supposed to be a Bra- 
zilian species, but I have seen no specimens from Brazil. Generally it is confounded 
with D. riograndensis (Lindm.), which species is, however, widely different. BAKER 
(Syn. Fil. 292) supposed N. deflecum J. Sm., which is our D. paucijuga (Kl. to be 
the same, and I am inclined to believe that he was right in this. As a fact D. re- 
fracta is closely allied to D. paucijuga, still there are some differences between the 
two species, which do not allow me to unite them. In JD. refracla the lower pair 
af veins are as a rule truly anastomosing and the 2—3 following veins are conni- 
vent to sinus. The peculiar shape of the base of the lower reflexed pinnz is fairly 
illustrated on HookEn's plate 252. Sporangia without setze on the pedicel. 
232. Dryopteris gemmulifera Hieron. Hedwigia 46: 326 tab. 4 fig. 3. 1907. 
Syn. Aspidium (resp. Nephrodium) tetragonum auctt. plur. quoad pl. andin. 
Type from Venezuela: Tovar, leg. Monrrz nr. 204 pro parte (B!). 
Closely related to D. scabra and D. paucijuga, but very characteristic by its lamina 
narrowing very gradually almost from the very base to apex. It is less cut than 
D. scabra, more than D. paucijuga; generally the three lower veins run to sinus. 
It is also larger: stipe 30—40 cm, lamina up to 60 cm. The rachis and costae ex- 
cepted the leaf is entirely glabrous, even not ciliate; the hairs of the rachis and 
coste beneath are partly simple and longer, partly’ very short and stellate. 
Colombia: SrÜósEL nr. 366, 554, 625 a, 642, 666 (B, for exact localities see Hieronymus |. c.); OnsTED 
(H) — Santa Marta, H. H. SurrH nr. 994 (C, Rg, W). 
233. Dryopteris usitata (Jenm.) C. Chr. Index 299. 1905. — Fig. 31a. 
Syn. Nephrodium usitatum Jenman, Journ. Bot. 1879: 261. Bull. Dept. Jam. II. 
3: 188. 1896; W.Ind. and Guiana Ferns 232. 
Type from Jamaica, leg. JENMAN (non vidi). 
Scarcely different from D. venusta, and probably it is a form of it with nar- 
rower pinne. Its best distinguishing marks are: the long-acuminate apex of the 
lamina and pinnz, its herbaceous texture, its numerous (20—30 to each side) long 
and narrow pinnz, which are up to 20 cm long by 1'/»—2 em broad, sessile, the 
lower ones generally shorter, incised '/; or more to the coste into broad, blunt 
oblique lobes, which are a little longer than broad. Both surfaces naked or very 
