236 184 
235. Dryopteris riograndensis (Lindm.) C. Chr. Ind. 289. 1905. 
Syn. Polypodium riograndense Lindm. Ark. for Bot. 1: 230 tab. 3 fig. 6. 1903. 
Aspidium refraclum Hieron. Engl.Jahrb. 22: 374. 1906 (non A Br). 
Nephrodium refractum auctt. plur. quoad pl. brasil. 
Dryopteris refracta Ros. Hedwigia 46: 131. 1907. 
Type from Brazil: Minas Geraes, Caldas, leg. Mosén nr. 2170 (S! Rg). 
A very uniform, small species, which unrightly has been identified with Aspi- 
dium refractum A. Br. It is however certainly a near ally of D. scabra, from which 
it differs by the pinnz being serrate only and the lower pair of veins being con- 
stantly anastomosing. The rachis is above rather densely stellato-puberulous, 
otherwise the leaf is almost quite glabrous; sometimes the costz beneath bear 
some white hairs. The rhizome is decumbent or shortly creeping, a little scaly. 
Stipes 1—2 dcm long, stramineous like the rachis and coste. Lamina 12—20 cm 
long, scarcely narrowed downwards, rather suddenly narrowed into a pinnatifid 
apex upwards. Pinne all sessile, opposite, 5—7 cm long, 1 cm broad, dark-green, 
herbaceous, the margins only serrate, rarely subentire or lobed. Veins about 3 to 
a side, the basal ones united or running side by side to the sinus. Sori medial, 
exindusiate. Sporangia glabrous. — The rachis is often gemmiferous. 
Evidently a common species in South Brazil and adjacent countries. I have 
the following specimens: 
Brazil: Minas Geraes, Caldas, MosÉN nr. 2170, 4636 (Rg) — Sla. Catharina, Passr nr. 798 (B) — 
Rio Grande do Sul: Piratiny, LiNpMaN nr. A. 865 (Rg); Cachoeira, Marwr nr. 984 (Rg); 
LinpMAN nr. 1167 a; Silveira Martins, LrypMANn nr. 1167 b (Rg). — Further the specimens 
quoted by Rosenstock loc. cit. and distributed by him as Nephrodium refractum, Fil. austr. 
bras. exs. nr. 84 and 250 (B, C, Rg, W). 
Uruguay: Puerto del tanze, BEnno nr. 1260 (C) — Isla San Gabriel, Berro nr. 2367 (C, CC). 
Argentina: Misiones, Bonpland, Ekman nr. 8| Rg, S) — Entrerios, Arroyo Yucharichico, Lorentz nr. 797 (B). 
Paraguay: Coaguzu, Barawsa nr. 310 (CC). 
236. Dryopteris scabra (Presl) C. Chr. Biolog. Arbejder tilegn. Eug. Warming 
84. 1911 — Fig. 32. 
Syn. Polypodium scabrum Presl, Del. Prag. 1: 169. 1822. 
Lastrea scabra Presl, Epim. bot. 41. 1849. 
Polypodium tetragonum auctt. quoad plant. austro-brasil. 
Nephrodium tetragonum auctt. quoad plant. brasil. (Bak. Fil. bras.; 
Syn. Fil. etc.). 
Dryopteris pseudoletragona Rosenst. Hedw. 46: 119. 1907. 
Type from Brazil, ad Mathias Ramos, leg. Pout (hb. PnEsr!). 
hhizome creeping, clothed at the apex with brown, stellato-pilose scales. 
Stipe greyish-yellow, bisulcate, shortly pubescent, 20 cm long. Lamina ovato-lan- 
ceolate, 20—25 cm long, 15 cm broad, dark-green, firmly herbaceous, upwards rather 
suddenly narrowed into a pinnatifid apex and generally proliferous at the base of 
the upper pinnz. Rachis slender, rather densely and shortly hairy by simple and 
stellate hairs, which latter mostly occur on the upperside of the upper part of the 
