NORTH AMERICAN FLORA 



[Volume 34 



Receptacle conic, acute, usually with 

 evident raised points on which the 

 individual flowers are borne. 

 Plants not floccose. 

 Plants floccose. 

 Achenes obpyramidal, only 2—3 times as 

 long as broad ; throat of the disk -corollas 

 elongate-funnel -form, trumpet-shaped, 

 or cylindric, many times as long as the 

 tube; bracts usually narrow (except in 

 Plateilema) . 

 Involucre campanulate to hemispheric; 

 bracts erect or ascending, not reflexed. 

 Involucre rotate; bracts spreading, 

 wholly or at least the tips reflexed in 

 age. 

 Bracts of the involucre with thin, more or less 

 scarious and colored margins. 

 Style-branches long and filiform, stigmatose to near 

 the apex, hispidulous down to the fork or below; 

 both disk- and ray-corollas rose-purple; invo- 

 lucre from elongate-turbinate to almost cylin- 

 dric. 

 Achenes linear or oblong, not distinctly angled, terete 

 or oval in cross section, 8-20-ribbed or -striate, 

 or rarely nerveless. 

 Receptacle flat or merely convex. 

 Disk -flowers fertile. 



Heads usually many-flowered; bracts many 

 or, if few, not subtended by a few small 

 calyculate ones; achenes linear. 

 Heads few-flowered ; bracts few, subtended 

 by 1-3 small calyculate ones; achenes 

 elliptic. 

 Disk -flowers neutral. 



Heads many-flowered and many-bracted ; 



leaves alternate. 

 Heads few-flowered and few-bracted ; leaves 

 opposite or basal (several genera in the 

 tribe Millerirae). 

 Receptacle conic or dome-shaped. 



Subtribe 10. BaERIAnaE. 

 Subtribe 11. EriophyllanaE. 



Subtribe 12. TetranEuranae. 



Subtribe 13. Gaillardianae. 

 Subtribe 6. Hymenopappanae. 



Subtribe 7. PalaFoxianae. 



Subtribe 8. ChaEnactidanae. 

 Subtribe 14. FlavErianae. 

 Subtribe 9. BlEnnospermatanaE. 



Subtribe 10. BaErianae. 



Subtribe 1. JAUMEANAE. Heads usually radiate, sometimes discoid. 

 Ray-flowers pistillate and disk-flowers hermaphrodite; all fertile. Corollas yel- 

 low, those of the rays deciduous. Involucre of usually broad bracts in 3-5 

 series, imbricate and the outer usually successively shorter. 



Receptacle not bristly; herbs. 

 Leaves opposite, sessile. 



Pappus wanting; heads radiate. 1. CoinogynE. 



Pappus present. 



Pappus of short squamellae; heads discoid. 2. Espejoa. 



Pappus of plumose bristles; heads radiate. 



Achenes 5 -angled; pappus-bristles broadened and paleaceous at the 



base; bracts firm. 3. ChaETYmenia. 



Achenes flattened ; pappus-bristles not dilated at the base; bracts 



herbaceous. 4. Arnicastrum. 



Leaves alternate. 



Pappus of plumose bristles; leaves sessile, lanceolate. 5. Olivaea. 



Pappus wanting; leaves petioled, with cordate blades. 6. Venegazia. 



Receptacle bristly; undershrubs. 7. Clappia. 



1. COINOGYNE Less. Linnaea 6: 520. 1831. 



Perennial herbs with creeping branched rootstocks and narrow, entire, opposite, sessile, 

 fleshy leaves. Heads solitary, radiate. Involucre campannlate-tiu-binate ; bracts rather 

 few, broad, in 3-4 irregular series, herbaceous but rather firm, many-striate, rounded at the 

 apex. Receptacle conic, alveolate, naked. Ray-flowers pistillate, fertile, in a single series; 

 ligules short, 3-nerved and 3-toothed at the apex, ascending, glabrous, yellow. Disk-flowers 

 many; corollas glabrous, regular; tube short, slightly enlarged at the base; throat slightly 

 dilated; limb 5-cleft. Anthers elongate, obtuse at the base. Style-branches with short 



