PERCHERS 



GOAT-SUCKERS. 



ITH the owls closes the history of those birds which are called predaceoua, 

 although to a considerable extent nearly all bii'ds are somewhat predaceous, even 

 if they prey upon smaller victims than do the vultures, eagles, falcons, or owls. 

 Next to the Accipiti'es come the Passeres, distingiiished by their cere-less and 

 pointed beak, their legs feathered as far as the heel, their tarsus covered in front 

 with shield-like scales, and their slightly curved and sharply pointed claws. 

 Tlais order is a very large one, and embraces a vast variety of birds. 

 First among the Passerine birds are placed the Fissirostres or cleft-beaked birds, so called 

 from the enormous gape of the mouth, a structure which is intended to aid them in the 

 capture of the agUe prey on which they feed. Some of the birds, such as the goat-suckers, 

 swallows, bee-eaters, and others, prey upon insects, which they take ui:)on the wing ; while 

 some, such as the kingfishers, feed upon fish, which they snatch from the water and bear 

 to their homes iu spite of their hard, slippery, scale-covered armor, or the watery element in 

 which they dwell. 



The GoAT-SFCKERS, as they are familiarly termed, from a stupid notion that was formerly 

 in great vogue among farmers, and is not even yet quite extinct, that these birds were in the 

 habit of sucking the wild goats, cows, and sheep, are placed first among the Fissirostres on 

 account of the wonderfully perfect manner in which theii- structure is adapted to the chasing 

 and secui-ing of the swift-^vinged insects on which they feed. The color of all these bii'ds is 

 sombre ; black, brown, and gray being the prevailing tiats. The gape of the mouth is so large 

 that when the bird opens its beak to its fullest extent, it seems to have been severely wounded 

 across the mouth, and the plumage is lax and soft like that of the owl. 



The singular liird which is known by the name of the Trinidad (toat-sucker, or 

 GuACHARO, is remarkable for the peculiarity from which it derives its name of Steatornis 

 or Fat-Bird. 



The Guacharos congregate in vast multitudes within the shelter of cei-tain dark caverns, 

 the greater portions of which remain unexplored owing to the superstitious fear of the natives, 

 who fancy that the spirits of their ancestors hold their gloomy state in the innennost recesses 

 of the caverns where the Guacharos reside. So strongly is this idea imprinted in their minds, 

 that to " join the Guacharos " is, in the native language, an expression which signifies the 

 death of the person of whom it is said. In these caverns the Guacharos build their nests, 

 choosing for that purpose cei-tain holes which exist in the roof, some forty or fifty feet ia 

 height. 



The members of the genus Podargus are chiefly remarkable for the great width of their 

 beaks, which at their base are broader than the forehead of the bird. The tip of the beak is 

 hooked, and the upper mandible overlaps the lower at its edges. They are aU handsome birds, 

 and many of them are of considerable dimensions. 



The Tawnt-shottldered Podargus is a native of Austi-alia, and an admirable account 

 of the bird, as well as good figures, may be foimd in Gould's mag-nificent work on the Birds of 

 Australia. 



