t8 



NATURE 



[July i, 1922 



the i.mks and foi regulating the temperature of the 

 watei m the differenl aquaria. The plans for the 



gallery h . ■ 1 1>\ Mess] • I leli 



Joass, and tlie circulation, electric plant, and the 

 nd ventilating systems have been 

 designed bj Sii Alexander Gibb. The scheme will 

 cost about 50,000/., and should provide 1 ondon with 

 the besl and most carefully arranged 



aquarium in Europe. 



A ruiRD attempt to reach the summit of Mount 

 began on June 3 I. he monsoon being due to 

 arrivi early in June, it was clear that tins must be the 

 last attempt this season, ["he Times gives an 



Cap 

 ft. in the previous attempt, ["he oxygen 

 apparatus did no1 prove satisfactorj and onlj 



tit for use. but by reassembling the sound 

 parts four set > lined. Bj the 



help of oxygen the climbers reached the North Col 

 perfectly fresh and camped al 25,500 ft. A heavj 

 gale with snow se1 in ami lasted foi two days, making 

 impossible. When .1 start was made the 

 Gurkha with the party collapsed and had to be sent 

 back 1 after five hours' diagonal climbing, 



Messrs Finch and lame reached an altitude of 



ft. The wind and cold were then 50 



thai the) were compelled to turn, and reached No. 3 

 Camp thoroughly exhausted. A telegram from 

 Jangkok, Sikkim, dated June 22, states that Dr. 

 1 \ I Strutt, and 



Captain Finch have arrived thereon their return from 

 Tibet. 



lur -rowing interest in metallography is well 



illustrated by the establishment ot the Metallo- 



gratiska Institute! of Stockholm, the formal opening 



of which has recently taken place. I'he new Institute 



is under the direction of I >r. Carl Benedicks, whose 



the physical chemistry ot metals is well 



known. An inaugural address was delivered b\ 



rhenius. who referred to the international 



1 of scienl it t, as shown 



of foreign representatives at the ceremony, 

 the review j metallography 



Idress of Dr. Benedicks 

 ning with the work Sheffield, and con 



tinned b\ man} wo French 



worker, 1 prominent, metal. 



research has always preserved an international 

 It was announced that Sir Robert 11a, l- 

 field, who has himself made many important con 

 tributions to this branch of study, had presented to 

 the Institute an annual sum o! 



to form a scholarship for a research worker. English- 

 men having a preference. In his statement regarding 

 ndation, Sir Robert Hadfield directs attention 

 to the remarkable contribu Sweden to 



chemistry, and especially to the chemistry of metals. 

 I'he metals used in the manufacture of all,-. 

 such as nickel, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, and 

 vanadium, were disi hsh chemists, 



while direct contributions to metallurgy Inn 

 made by many of their compatriots, from Swedenborg 

 No. 2748, VOL. I 10] 



and Bergman to Ucerman and Brinell. Die recent 



important work of Dr. Wcstgrcn on the space lattice 



of the allotropic modifications ol u.,u. .is determined 

 by means of X-rays (Nature, June 24, p. 83 is 

 addition to the record of which Sweden may be proud. 



It must not be forgotten, also, thai the Sheffield 

 steel industry owes us existence to the use of the 



pure Swedish nous obtained from native ores. 



I'm Q arrived it Capi ["own on J une 1 S from 

 South Georgia via Cristan da Cunha ami Gough 



Island. The Times announces that. 111 \ iew .1 the 

 low power and small si.e ol the ship, it h.i been 



decided to abandon the proposed cruise in si 



lost islands 111 the Southern Ocean and to return home. 

 1 ..Hidings were made at Tristan da Cunha, lnaci essible, 

 Nightingale, and Gough Islands. At the last 

 islands several days seem to have been spent ashore. 



dui ing w Inch some b 



flu- \isii of the Scotia in [904 showed that Gough 

 Island has a most interesting fauna and flora 

 larl) worthy ,,[ study because the nearest land, with 

 the exi eption ot the fristan da Cunha group, is South 

 Africa, vi le [500 miles distant. Details of 



.•millings ,ue not given, but they 



should be ,a great interest sinct between South 



v ersed an area 

 of the ocean 111 which practically no soundn 

 previously been taken. 



News from Mi Knud Rasmussen, published in the 



gives some account ot his work 111 Melville 



Peninsula ami Fox Basin until the middle ot last 



) The autumn was spen 

 which offered scope not only lor biological work, but 



I Hiring 



the winter. Mr. 1'. Freuchen was engaged m charting 



, .i-.uiw Fox I Sasin, 



which was imperfecth known. Mr. Rasmussen 



field Inlet ni 

 mouth of Baffin Bay. to the west of this inlet two 

 1 inland Eskimo are reported to lice. This 

 is of interest because all other tribes of Esk 

 coast dwellers. This autumn Messrs. Rasmussen 

 lichen hope to start on their long journey to 

 the west across the Barren 1 ands through the area 

 d by the Kinipetu tribe, in an attempt to 

 inal routes of migration of the 

 Eskimo, it on their origin. 



Dr. Charles D Walcott, secretary of the Smith- 

 sonian Institution, has kit Washington to continue 

 Ins geolo orations in the Canadian Rocky 



Mountains. Dr. Walcott s work in previous seasons 

 has done much towards clearing up the g. 



ons of this interesting region, and many 



thousands of fossil specimens have been brought 



add to the completeness of the exhibition 



and studv series ot the I S National Museum. One 



ot the important results several years ago was the 



bacteria in the pre.-Cambrian 



rocks, probably the earliest form of life on the earth. 

 : ion to be studied this \ ear w ill lake in se\ eral 



localities north and south of the Row Valley between 



