98 



NA TURE 



[July 15, 1922 



furnace ; at other times there was a series of explosions 

 that sounded like big guns firing. On some days 

 there were showers of ashes, which were so heavy 

 that they broke the leaves of the palm trees. 



When on open ground the lava stream came along 

 like a wall of red-hot rock 30 or 40 feet high, which 

 kept falling away in front as it advanced, but when 

 it came down the deep ravine between Wernerfelde 

 and Retzlaflelde, it flowed like a red-hot river moving 

 at the rate of about 2 feet a minute. Mr. Reading 

 threw a big stone on it to see if it would make a splash, 

 but although it was moving and looked liquid, the 

 stone bounded off just as if the lava were solid rock. 



Since the outbreak of the volcano no severe earth- 

 quake shocks have been experienced, though the 

 house was frequently felt to be shaking and two or 

 three slight shocks were noticed. 



Mr. Reading went round the edge of the lava in a 

 canoe where it projected into the sea. He could not 

 approach nearer than about 300 yards on account of 

 the heat. At that distance the sea was so hot that 

 he could not put his hand into it, and dead fish abound. 



University and Educational Intelligence. 



Birmingham. — Applications are invited from 

 graduates in medicine of the University, of not 

 more than five years' standing, for the Walter Myers 

 travelling studentship (value 300/. for one year) for 

 research in any branch of medicine or pathology 

 approved by the selection committee. The student- 

 ship is tenable at any university, laboratory, or 

 other approved institution, and the holder must 

 devote his whole time to research. Full information 

 is obtainable from the Registrar of the University. 



Leeds. — A Gas Research Fellowship, value 200/. 

 per annum, established by the Institution of Gas 

 Engineers at the University of Leeds for the pro- 

 secution of post-graduate research in gas chemistry, 

 has been awarded to Mr. S. Pexton. For the last 

 two years Mr. Pexton has worked in the depnrtment 

 of coal gas and fuel industries of the University. 



London. — Applications are invited for the William 

 Julius Mickle fellowship, which is of the value of at 

 least 200/., and awarded annually to the man or 

 woman resident in London and a graduate of the 

 University, who, in the opinion of the Senate, has done 

 most to advance medical art or science during the 

 preceding five years. Particulars respecting the 

 appointment may be obtained from the principal 

 officer of the University. All applications for the 

 fellowship must reach him by, at latest, October 2. 



St. Andrews. — The honorary degree of LL.D. 

 will be conferred on the Prince of Wales on the 

 occasion of his contemplated visit at the end of 

 September. There will be no public graduation 

 ceremony. 



The Commissioners of the Exhibition of 1851 

 announce that Senior Studentships for 1922 have been 

 awarded to the following : Mr. J. S. Luck (Liverpool), 

 research student in chemistrv, of the Universitv of 

 Liverpool; Mr. G. T. R. Hill (London), research student 

 in aeronautics, of the University of London, Univer- 

 sity College, late experimental engineer and pilot to 

 Handley Page, Ltd. ; Mr. A. E. Ingham (Cambridge), 

 research student in mathematics, of the L T niversity 

 of Cambridge ; Mr. J. E. Jones (Victoria), lecturer 

 in mathematics, of the LTniversity of Manchester ; 

 and Mr. C. E. Tilley (Adelaide and Sydney), research 

 student in geology, of the University of Cambridge. 

 Science Research Scholarships (Overseas) have been 



NO. 2750, VOL. I IO] 



awarded, on the nomination of the institution men- 

 tioned, as follows: Mr. J. M. Luck (University of 

 Toronto), for biology ; Mr. W. H. McCurdv (Dalhousie 

 LTniversity), for physics; Mr. D. F. Stednian (Univer- 

 sity of British Columbia), for physical chemistrv ; Miss 

 Marie Bentivoglio (University of Sydney) , for crystallo- 

 graphy ; Mr. J. S. Rogers (University of Melbourne), 

 for physics ; Mr. J. C. Smith (Universitv of New 

 Zealand), for chemistry ; and Mr. I. Low (University 

 of Stellenbosch), for meteorology. 



Dr. W. D. Henderson, professor of zoology in 

 the University of Bristol, has been appointed Ray 

 Lankester Investigator at the Marine Biological 

 Laboratory, Plymouth. 



The Chemiker Zcitung announces that the Society 

 of Friends of the University of Jena has at its first 

 annual meeting granted a sum of 700,000 marks for 

 scientific purposes and 200,000 marks for the assist- 

 ance of students. Of the first sum, 200,000 marks is 

 for the Chemical Institute. 



An appointment is to be made by a committee 

 of the Royal College of Physicians of London and 

 of the Royal College of Surgeons of England of 

 a Streatfeild research scholar. The scholarship was 

 founded for the promotion of research in medicine 

 and surgery and is of the annual value of about 

 250/., tenable at the discretion of the committee 

 for three years. Applications, marked " Streatfeild 

 Scholarship," and stating the nature of the proposed 

 research and where it will be carried out, should 

 reach the Registrar of the Royal College of Physicians 

 of London, Pall Mall East, S.W. 1, on or before 

 October 2. 



Statistics for 1920-21 of 93 State Universities 

 and State Colleges have been published by the 

 United States Bureau of Education (Bulletin, 1921, 

 No. 53), under the heads — teaching force, student 

 enrolment, and property and income. Most of these 

 institutions were originally " Colleges for Agriculture 

 and Mechanic Arts," and their agricultur.il and 

 engineering schools are still far larger than all their 

 other professional departments put together ; but 

 nearly all of them have departments of arts and 

 sciences, and seventeen have graduate departments 

 with not less than 50 students each. The largest 

 teaching staffs are maintained in the following 

 universities: California (1016), Cornell (905), Minne- 

 sota (837), Illinois (7S0), Wisconsin (731), Ohio (569), 

 and Michigan (543). Thirty-four other institutions 

 have more than 100 teachers. Of the total number 

 of teachers (about 15,000) one-sixth are women. 

 Salaries of presidents (most of whom are provided 

 with free quarters in addition) range in general 

 between 5000 and 12,000 dollars ; those of professors 

 between 2000 and 6000. The student (regular term) 

 enrolments in the seven large universities named 

 above were: 14,445, 577L IL2S2, 8739, 7573, 

 7584, and 961 1. Forty-two other institutions have 

 enrolments exceeding 1000. Women students con- 

 stitute nearly a third of the total. Besides the 

 regular term students there are some 60,000 summer 

 school students, of whom nearly two-thirds are 

 women. Almost every one of the State universities 

 and State colleges holds a summer school. Endow- 

 ments exceeding, in each case, five million dollars, 

 are possessed by the Massachusetts Institute of 

 Technology, Cornell University, and the universities 

 of Texas, California, and Washington. It is remark- 

 able that in no less than five States the private 

 benefactions received by the State universities and 

 State colleges during the year amounted to one-fifth 

 or more of their total incomes. 



