198 



NA TURE 



[August 5, 1922 



desires. The arrangement, therefore, does not ex- 

 clude an}' genuine manufacturer, either now or in 

 future, from playing his part in the business of 

 manufacturing and selling receiving sets, and cannot 

 therefore in any sense be regarded as creating a 

 monopoly. Should the share of the annual licence 

 fee paid to the broadcasting groups provide more 

 money than is necessary to carry an the work, the 

 licence fees could be automatically reduced. 



Radio receiving apparatus lends itself particularly 

 to manufacture abroad, in countries on the Continent 

 where the depreciated exchanges make it possible 

 to export receiving sets to this country at a price 

 which would prohibit manufacture here. If this is 

 allowed a promising new industry which will give 

 employment to a very large number of people will 

 be strangled before it has a fighting chance to succeed, 

 and an opportunity of relieving distress arising from 

 unemployment will be lost. Help for this industry, 

 which ma}' have ramifications far more important 

 from the national point of view than the provision 

 of entertainment or even methods of communication, 

 may be given in some way. The Postmaster-General 

 does not propose to license receiving sets unless made 

 by members of one or other of the broadcasting 

 organisations. 



It is questionable whether manufacturers will be 

 prepared to risk incurring the heavy expense attached 

 to a broadcasting scheme if conducted in a proper 

 manner, unless some assistance on the lines suggested 

 can be provided. It is also not unreasonable to ask 

 the public to assist in the cost of broadcasting, in 

 view of the likelihood of providing programmes such 

 as the following, which is typical of the best American 

 stations. 



"At six o'clock each evening, summary of important 

 news, commercial, general, and sporting, followed at 

 7 p.m. by special addresses and lectures by business 

 men and women. At 7.30 p.m. a bed-time or nursery 

 story is provided for children, and at 8, for the 

 remainder of the evening, a high-class musical 

 programme comprising vocal and instrumental items 

 or orchestral selections. Time signals are radiophoned 

 at definite hours. 



"On Saturdays the musical side of the programme 

 is increased to include afternoon as well as evening 

 performances. On Sundays church and chapel services 

 and sermons are transmitted during morning and 

 evening, with a Bible story for children during the 

 afternoon. 



"The lectures and music cover an extraordinarily 

 wide range and appeal to all tastes, while the character 

 of the broadcasted matter is varied and the quality 

 is uniformly high. The tendency is to avoid trans- 

 mission of gramophone music." 



There will be nothing of interest to hear until 

 broadcasting programmes are established, but a 

 number of English stations can be set up very quickly 

 once the preliminary discussions are completed and 

 conditions of working settled, and there is reason to 

 believe that by the autumn the country will be able 

 to enjoy the best broadcasting in the world. 



University and Educational Intelligence. 



Bangor. — Dr. Edward Greenly has been appointed 

 " Special Lecturer " in geology. Dr. Greenly has for 

 the last twenty years been engaged on a detailed 

 study of the geology of Anglesey, and has recently 

 published an account oi his researches in a mono- 

 graph "The Geology of Anglesey " (2 vols.), which 

 has been issued under the auspices of the Geological 

 Survey. For this work, Dr. Greenly received the 



Honorary Degree of D.Sc. from the University of 

 Wales. Dr. Greenly is now studying the Carnarvon- 

 shire coast. His appointment as " Special Lecturer " 

 will enable him to direct the studies of advanced 

 students who wish to work in this district, which is 

 well suited for geological research. 



Edinburgh. — At the recent graduation ceremonies 

 on July 21, science was represented in the list of 

 Honorary Graduates in Laws by the following : Sir 

 Isaac Bayley Balfour and Sir J. Halliday Croom, 

 recently retired from their respective chairs ; Prof. 

 J. B. Farmer of the Imperial College of Science and 

 Technology, London ; Sir Thomas Middleton, formerly 

 of the Board of Agriculture; Mr. J. W. Mollison, 

 late Inspector - General of Agriculture in India; M. 

 Roger, Dean of the Faculty of Medicine of the Uni- 

 versity of Paris ; Sir Charles S. Sherrington, Waynflete 

 professor of physiology in the University of Oxford, 

 and Dr. W. Somerville, professor of rural economy 

 in the University of Oxford. 



Dr. E. M. Wedderburn, known for his experimental 

 work on seiches and for his services during the war 

 as a meteorologist, has been appointed to the chair 

 of conveyancing in the University. 



London. — Dr. J. F. Unstead, head of the geography 

 department, Birkbeck College, has been appointed 

 professor of geography in the University, in respect ' 

 of the post held by him at Birkbeck College. 



Manchester. — The following have been awarded 

 the. degree of Doctor of Science : Mr. A. F. Campbell, 

 for theses on (i.) The influence of the introduction of 

 the methyl group into the phenol molecule ; (ii.) The 

 separation of phenol, ortho-, meta-, and para-cresols 

 from crude coal tar and carbolic acids; (hi.) A method 

 for the preparation of /3-naphthyl-amine ; and seven 

 other papers. Mr. J. N. Greenwood, for theses on 

 (i.) The constitution of copper-aluminium alloys ; 

 (ii.) Applications of optical pyrometry in steelworks 

 practice ; (iii.) Heat flow of steel during ordinary 

 processes of manufacture ; and six other papers. 

 Mr \Y A. Harwood, for a memoir on upper air 

 work in India. Mr. J. Holker, for a thesis on the 

 periodic opacity of certain colloids in progressively 

 increasing concentration of electrolytes ; and twelve 

 other papers. Mr. J. E. Jones, for theses on (i.) The 

 distribution of energy in air surrounding a vibrating 

 body ; (ii.) The velocity distribution function of the 

 stresses in a non-uniform rarefied monatomic gas; 

 (iii.) The kinetic theory of electrical conduction in 

 an ionised monatomic gas ; and three other papers. 

 Mr. J. Pearson, for memoirs on (i.) The Holo- 

 thurioidea of the Indian Ocean: (ii.) Cancer; and 

 a large number of articles and reports on biological 

 work in Ceylon. 



A physicist is required by the Research Association 

 of British Motor and Allied Manufacturers for work 

 as a senior research assistant. Applications are to 

 be made by letter to the Secretary of the Association, 

 15 Bolton Road, Chiswick, W.4. 



The British Silk Research Association, Inc. (Kings- 

 way House, Kingsway, W.C.2), invites applications 

 for the appointment in its laboratory in Leeds of a 

 chemist with research experience and special qualifica- 

 tions in physical chemistry. The latest date for I lie 

 receipt of applications is August 11. 



Applications are invited for the position of a plant 

 physiologist in the division of botany of the Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture, Union of South Africa. Candi- 

 dates must possess a University degree and have 

 carried out research work in plant physiology. 

 Applications, with particulars of education, qualifica- 

 tions and experience, etc., all in duplicate, must 



NO. 2753, VOl. I io] 



