264 



NA TURE 



[August 19, 1922 



with Section K (Botany) on the present position of 

 Darwinism, when the views of Dr. Willis and Mr. 

 Yule, as put forward by themselves at the meeting, 

 will come under review and criticism. Among the 

 individual contributions it is difficult to particularise : 

 they will deal with problems relative to hormones, 

 hydrogen ion concentration, forestry, geographical 

 distribution, hereditary transmission of small varia- 

 tions, adaptation, periodicity of pond protozoa, and 

 the effect of lead pollution. The final but not the 

 least important item on the programme is a dis- 

 cussion with the Hull naturalists on the possible work 

 of natural history societies in relation to faunal 

 sury ej s. 



Section E (Geography). — The presidential address 

 by Dr. M. I. Newbigin will be on Human geography : 

 first principles and some applications. On the same 

 day Miss E. C. Semple will speak on the influence of 

 geographical conditions upon ancient Mediterranean 

 agriculture. Several speakers will deal with current 

 problems in Europe, including Prof. J. F. Unstead on 

 the belt of political change in Europe, and Mrs. 

 H. Ormby on the Danube as a waterway. Prof. 

 P. M. Roxby will lecture on the place of Peking in 

 the life of modern China, and Dr. Vaughan Cornish, 

 111 a paper entitled the isothermal frontier of ancient 

 cities, will develop the interesting thesis that from 

 the North Sea to the Sea of Japan the separation 

 between city life and that of forest and prairie people 

 is marked by the same mean annual isotherm. Local 

 geography will be treated by Mr. L. Rodwell Jones, 

 Mr. C. B. Fawcett, and others. There will be a number 

 of papers on cartography and survey, including survey 

 in polar regions, by Mr. F. Debenham ; the mapping 

 of Latin America, by Mr. A. G. Ogilvie ; early maps 

 of Malta, by Dr. T. Ashby; and a discussion on the 

 use of Mercator's projection for air-maps, which, it is 

 hoped, will be opened by Col. E. M. Jack. A joint 

 discussion, with the cosmical subsection of Section A, 

 on the monsoons, will be opened by Dr. G. C. Simpson. 

 Section E will also take part in a joint discussion 

 with Sections C and H on relations of early man to 

 phases of the ice age in Britain. Travel will be 

 represented by Sir P. Brocklehurst on his recent 

 journeys through Wadai, Mr. R. R. Walls on his 

 extensive wanderings in Portuguese Nyasaland, and 

 Mr. R. A. Frazer on some work in Spitsbergen. 

 In economic geography Mr. H. M. Spink will speak 

 of some geographical aspects of recent developments 

 of water power, Mr. A. V. Williamson on irrigation 

 in the Indo-Gangetic alluvium, and Mr. D. C. T. Meckie 

 on the trend of world commerce. An excursion to 

 Spurn Head and Sunk Island is being arranged. 



Section F (Economic Science and Statistics). — 

 The influence which the war has had upon our 

 economic life is again the subject of several of the 

 papers which are to be read in this section. Prof. 

 A. L. Bowley will continue his studies of post-war 

 prices in a paper comparing wholesale and retail 

 prices since the Armistice ; and Mr. W. H. Whyte is 

 contributing a paper on the war and its influence on 

 stock markets. The questions of unemployment and 

 of out-door relief are to be dealt with by Mr. J. I.. 

 Cohen in a paper on the future of unemployment 

 insurance ; and by Miss Anne Ashley, who has had 

 considerable experience of social work in Edinburgh, 

 and is contributing a paper on the English and Scottish 

 Poor Law in relation to the able-bodied. The 

 measurement of productivity in agriculture and in- 

 dustry is to be dealt with by Mr. R. B. Forrester ; 

 human motive in industry by Miss H. Reynard ; 

 and modern municipal markets and their economic 

 significance, by Prof. J. G. Smith. The president of 

 the section is Prof. F. Y. Edgeworth, and his address 

 will deal with the question of equal pay to men and 



NO. 2/55, VOL. I IO] 



women for equal work. In addition to the papers 

 there are to be two important discussions with other 

 sections — the first with the Sections of Agriculture 

 and Physics (Meteorology) on weather cycles in rela- 

 tion to agriculture and industrial fluctuation. It will 

 be opened by Sir William Beveridge and Mr. R. A. 

 Fisher. The second discussion is with the Agriculture 

 Section, and is to discuss the possibility of increasing 

 the food supply of this country. Sir Henry Rew, 

 Sir John Russell, Mr. C. S. Orwin, Sir Thomas Middle- 

 ton, Prof. Somerville, and Prof. Cannan have promised 

 to speak. Both these discussions deal with very 

 urgent problems at the present time, and they should 

 prove of considerable interest not only to members 

 of the Association but to the general public. 



Section H (Anthropology). — This Section has a 

 varied programme, in which matters relating to 

 archaeology predominate. It includes two organised 

 discussions — one dealing with the antiquity of man in 

 relation to the ice age in Britain, which will take 

 place in a joint session with the Geological and 

 Geographical Sections, and one, to be held in a joint 

 session with the Psychological Section, on mental 

 characters and race, which will be opened by Prof. 

 J. L. Myres. One morning session will be devoted 

 to questions relating to the archaeology and anthro- 

 pology of the north-east coastal area of England, 

 when Mr. Leslie Armstrong will discuss the Maglemose 

 remains of Holderness and their Baltic counterparts, 

 Mr. W. G. Collingwood will deal with the influence 

 of Scandinavia on the art of the Danelaw in the tenth 

 century, and Prof. A. Mawer will consider the place- 

 names of the East Riding. In connexion with this 

 group of subjects Prof. A. W. Brjrfgger of Christiania 

 will describe the burial found in a Viking ship at 

 Oseberg, which is of great importance for our know- 

 ledge of Scandinavian art and culture in the ninth 

 century. Lord Dunsany will describe recent finds of 

 palaeolithic implements in North Africa, and Mr. 

 Seton-Karr will deal with aspects of the same sub- 

 ject ; Miss Nina F. Layard will discuss prehistoric 

 cooking places, and the excavations carried out by 

 the Spela-ological Society of Bristol University in 

 caves in the Mendips, which have brought to light 

 remains of the late Palaeolithic and Iron Ages, will 

 be described by Mr. E. K. Tratman and Mr. J. A. 

 Davies. A communication by Mr. Cyril Fox, which 

 is likely to give rise to an interesting discussion, deals 

 with the distribution of population in the Cambridge 

 region with special reference to the bronze age. Dr. 

 T. Ashby will give an account of archaeological in- 

 vestigations carried out in Italy during the last 

 twelve months, as well as of certain supplementary 

 investigations made by himself at the megalithic 

 temple of Hal Tarxien in Malta. Miss Murray also 

 will describe the excavations which she is now carry- 

 ing on in the same island. Mr. Stanley Casson will 

 give an account of his recent excavations in Mace- 

 donia, and discuss their bearing upon certain general 

 problems. This communication, in conjunction with 

 one from Mr. J. W'hatmough on inscribed fragments 

 of stagshorn from North Italy, of which the inscrip- 

 tions .ire in an unknown language, should give rise 

 to fruitful discussion on racial movements in Europe 

 in late prehistoric times. In physical anthropology 

 Prof. \Y. J. Sollas will discuss comparative cranio- 

 metric methods, with special reference to Neanderthal 

 Man ; and in ethnography the two most important 

 communications will be a description of rock-paintings 

 from New Guinea by Dr. W. M. Strong, and an 

 account of certain peoples of the Congo area by 

 Mr. E. Torday. The latter will deal incidentally 

 with the question of the decay of custom among 

 primitive peoples. 



Section I (Physiology). — The section of physi- 



