552 



NA TURE 



[October 21, 1922 



Engineering, but he had only held this for a year when 

 he was transferred to the Topographical Section of the 

 General Staff at the War Office. Here his scientific 

 inclinations found full scope in the organisation of 

 survey work in all parts of the world. During his 

 tenure of the post he raised the standard of this work 

 in a very notable degree, which was recognised by the 

 ( !.M.( r. being conferred on him in 1902. His work here 

 brought him into contact with many problems in geodesy, 

 in \\ hii li he took a keen and lasting interest. At this 

 time Sir David Gill was actively promoting the geodel ic 

 triangulation in South Africa, and to this Grove- 

 llills gave his whole-hearted support. 



In 1905 he completed his period of service as head of 

 the topographical department of the War Office, and 

 then retired from the army. In the following year he 

 contested Portsmouth in the Conservative interest un- 

 successfully, and afterwards occupied himself mainly 

 with scientific investigations. At the British Associa- 

 tion in 1906 he raised the question whether the triangu- 

 lation of this country was of the accuracy required by 

 modern geodesy, and a few years later the Ordnance 

 Survey undertook the re-observation of certain triangles 

 in Scotland to determine this point. In the same year 

 he and Sir Joseph Larmor discussed the movement of 

 the pole in an important communication to the Royal 

 Astronomical Society. 



Col. Grove-Hills was president of Section E at the 

 British Association meeting in 1908, where he discussed 

 the surveys of the British Empire in an important 

 address. He had before this been invited to report on 

 the Canadian surveys and wrote a valuable and instruc- 

 tive report on them. In 1911 he was elected a Fellow of 

 the Royal Society, and from 1913 to 191 5 he was presi- 

 dent of the Royal Astronomical Society. He was also 

 latterly Secretary of the Royal Institution. Keenly 

 interested in astronomy, he designed the suspended 

 zenith instrument at Durham Observatory, of which 

 institution he was Honorary Director up to the time of 

 his death. While on his way to Kieff with the eclipse 

 expedition of 1914 he was recalled to take his part in the 

 Great War, and was appointed Assistant Chief Engineer 

 of the Eastern Command, being gazetted Brigadier- 

 General in 1918. His services in this responsible 

 post were recognised by the award of the C.B.E. 

 in 1919. 



Endowed with very great natural ability, and a 

 keen interest in all scientific questions, Grove-Hills 

 combined with these great administrative ability and 

 sound common sense. He was always ready to assist 

 by his advice and active co-operation in any well- 

 planned scheme of scientific work, and in his death 

 astronomy and geodesy have suffered a severe loss. 



II. G. L. 



Major-General J. Waterhouse. 



Major-General James Waterhouse, who was 

 eighty years of age, died on September 28. As a youth 

 he joined the Royal Bengal Artillery, and after seven 

 years was made Assistant Surveyor-General in charge 

 of the photography section in the Surveyor-General's 

 Office in Calcutta. He retired in 1897. His offii ial 

 duties necessitated the study of photography and 



NO. 2764, VOL. I IO] 



photo-mechanical methods of reproduction, and this 

 lie did with a keen eye for any possible improvement, 

 and a skilful hand which enabled him to test the 

 practical value of any new introduction. He made 

 an extended continental tour during his term of office 

 that he might become acquainted with the methods 

 employed in foreign photographic laboratories. A 

 considerable number of improvements were intro- 

 duced by Waterhouse in photolithography and allied 

 processes, as well as in collotype, sometimes varying 

 methods in use elsewhere to render them suitable for a 

 tropical climate. His knowledge of these methods in 

 all their minutiae was very extensive, and in 1 882-1 885 

 he contributed to the Photographic News a series of 

 fifty chapters on photolithography. 



In 1873, when Vogel published his discovery that the 

 sensitiveness of plates to green and red could be 

 enhanced from a negligible to a practically useful 

 amount by the use of certain dyes, Waterhouse was one 

 of the very first to confirm the observation and to find 

 other effective dyes. In 1890 lie found that by the 

 addition of thiourea to the developer the reversal of 

 the image was so much facilitated that a very little, 

 if any, increase of exposure was necessary. He took 

 part in the observation of the total eclipses of 1871 and 

 1875, and in the transit of Venus in 1874. 



On his retirement, Waterhouse studied the early 

 history of the camera obscura, and of the action of 

 light on silver salts, correcting some false and incom- 

 plete ideas that were current. He was president 

 of the Royal Photographic Society from 1905 to 1907, 

 honorary secretary of the Calcutta Zoological Gardens 

 from 1894 t" [897, president of the Asiatic Society of 

 Bengal from 1888 to r89o, and trustee and twice chair- 

 man of the Indian Museum at Calcutta. The value 

 of his scientific work in connexion with photography 

 was acknowledged by the award to him of the Progress 

 Medal of the Royal Photographic Society, and the 

 Voigtlander Medal of the Vienna Photographic Society. 



We regret to record the death of Prof. J. K. A. 

 Wertheim Salomonson. lie was born in 1864,. passed 

 his medical studies at the University of Leyden, and 

 in 1899 became professor in neurology and radiology 

 in the University of Amsterdam. His contributions 

 to these two subjects were of considerable importance, 

 for his range of knowledge of medicine anil physics 

 was supplemented by a perfection of skill in instru- 

 mental design. He' w^as a frequent visitor to this 

 country and only last year he demonstrated to the 

 Ophtlialmological Section of the Royal Society of 

 Muli. 1111 ;i method for the photography of the structure 

 of the eve. He was responsible for improvements in 

 the electro -cardiograph and in many instruments 

 designed for radiological purposes. A man of engaging 

 personality, his loss will be felt over the wide circle 

 which his "scientific interests served. He was a Knight 

 of the Order of the Lion of the Netherlands and an 

 honorar) member of the Rontgen Society. At the 

 time of his death he held the office of rector magnificus 

 at the University of Amsterdam. 



