590 



NA TURE 



[October 28, 1922 



formation of haematite at and near the surface, 

 concretions in the coal measures, and vein formations 

 of quartz, calcite, fluorspar, and barytes. 



Mr. Goodchild extends this conception to the forma- 

 tion of metamorphic rocks, which he regards as being 

 formed by the action of percolating solutions on 

 unstable strata, the action of heat and pressure being 

 an accompaniment rather than, as petrologists usually 

 assume, the cause of the metamorphism. From this 

 position, assuming the formation of aluminium 

 silicates at low temperatures, Mr. Goodchild has no 

 difficulty in explaining the formation of basalt and 

 other igneous rocks as due to the local but intensive 

 action on sedimentary rocks such as sandstone, shale, 

 and limestone of solutions containing sodium, potas- 

 sium, magnesium, and calcium. Hence where igneous 

 rocks are found associated with sedimentary rocks 

 Mr. Goodchild regards the former not as pre-existing 

 igneous or other rocks that have been melted by heat 

 and injected into the sediments in a molten state, but 

 rather as portions of the sediments that have been 

 altered locally by interaction with one another and 

 with percolating solutions. 



According to Mr. Goodchild, rock-changes in tem- 

 perate climates show ample evidence of the process to 

 which he refers, but he states that these changes are 

 best seen under tropical conditions. He makes a 

 strong plea for the representation in colour of tropical 

 conditions of weathering, by artists imbued with a 

 sense of mystery, as a means whereby observers in 

 temperate climates may be brought to realise the real 

 nature of the processes involved in metamorphism 

 and the origin of igneous rocks. 



For fuller details as to Mr. Goodchild's views, 

 reference may be made to papers on " Laterization in 

 Minas Geraes, Brazil " (Trans. Inst. Min. Met., 1914, 

 vol. 23, p. 3), and " Land Growth " (Minir 

 1921, vol. 25, p. 75). 



University and Educational Intelligence. 



Birmingham. — We recently announced in this 

 column the appointment of Mr. K. X. Moss as 

 professor of coal- and metal-mining. This appoint- 

 ment has now been followed by the creation of a 

 chair of petroleum - mining, to which Mr. R. R. 

 Thompson has been elected. Prof. Thompson was 

 on the staff of the mining department of the 

 University during the session 1911-12, since when 

 he has had experience of oil-mining in Persia, Burma, 

 and elsewhere. He has recentlv been Director of 

 Lands and Mines in Trinidad, a post which he 

 relinquished to come to Birmingham. Sir John 

 Cadman continues to act as honorary adviser to 

 the mining department, and with Dr. Haldane as 

 director of Coal-mining Research, the University 

 takes a very high place as a centre of instruction 

 in mining in the British Empire. 



Cambridge. — Prof. H. R. Dean, professor of patho- 

 logy, has been elected to a professorial fellowship at 

 Trinity Hall. Prof. R. M. Dawkins, of Oxford 

 University, formerly director of the British School at 

 Athens, has been elected to an honorary fellowship at 

 Emmanuel College, where he was formerly a fellow. 

 The Master of Jesus College has been appointed to 

 represent the University on a grand committee 

 established to make arrangements for the com- 

 memoration next February of the bicentenary of the 

 death of Sir Christopher Wren. 



Mr. F. (',. Mann, Downing College, has been 

 appointed assistant to the professor of chemistry. 

 The Gedge Prize has been awarded to F. J. W. 

 Roughton, Trinity College, for an essay on "Some 

 Blood Gas Problems." 



London. — At a meeting of the Senate held on 

 October 18, a communication was received from the 

 Minister of Health forwarding draft heads of agreement 

 with reference to the School of Hygiene which is to be 

 established as a School of the University with the 

 donation of two million dollars made for the purpose 

 by the Rockefeller Foundation. These provide for 

 1I1- erection of suitable buildings on a site in Blooms- 

 bury and the constitution of a Board of Management 

 and a Court of Governors for the control and adminis- 

 tration of the School. Resolutions were adopted 

 expressing the concurrence of the Universitv in the 

 proposed scheme, and the very great satisfaction with 

 which the Senate have learnt of the munificent con- 

 tribution of the Rockefeller Foundation and of the 

 intentions of the Government with regard to the 

 maintenance of the School. 



To a communication from the Clerk of the London 

 County Council intimating the desire of the Council 

 that the question of the Bloomsbury site for the 

 University should be reopened, the Vice-Chancellor 

 was requested to reply that the Senate is prepared, 

 "should His Majesty's Government wish to' explore 

 the possibilities of the Holland Park Site or any other 

 site in conjunction with the Universitv, to co-operate 

 with the Government for that purpose." 



The thanks of the Senate were accorded to the 

 Essex County Council for a grant of 500/. for the yeai 

 1922-1923 for distribution among the Schools of the 

 University in the Faculties of Arts, Science, Engineer- 

 ing, and Economics in proportion to the number of 

 full-time day students from that county in attendance 

 at those Schools ; also to the Stansfeld Trustees for a 

 second donation of 40/. for the provision of a Stansfeld 

 lecture to be delivered on the laws and customs 

 affecting the relationship between men and women. 



The following doctorates were conferred : D.Sc. 

 in Chemistry : Mr. S. S. Bhatnagar, of University 

 College, for a thesis entitled " Studies in Emulsions 

 and Surface Tensions " ; Mr. F. C. Toy, of University 

 College, for a thesis entitled Investigations of the 

 Photographic Process " ; and Mr. H. Moore, for a 

 thesis entitled " The Influence of Chromium on Steel," 

 and other papers ; D.Sc. in Physics : Mr. Snehamay 

 Datta, of the Imperial College, Royal Colli 

 Science, for a thesis embodying the results of various 

 researches in spectroscopy 



A course of eight free public lectures on " Secre- 

 tion and Internal Secretion " will be delivered by 

 Prof. Swale Vincent on November 6, 9, 13, 16, 20, 

 H. 27, and 30, at 5 o'clock, in the Physiology Lecture 

 lh, Mtn. Middlesex Hospital Medical School, Union 

 Street, W.I. No tickets will be required. 



A conference on the report of the committee 

 appointed by the president of the Board of Education 

 to inquire into the position of English in the educa- 

 tional system of England will be held at Birkbeck 

 College, "Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.4, on 

 Thursday, November 2, at 4.30. The chair will lu- 

 taken by Sir Cyril Jackson, chairman of the Education 

 Committee of the London Council. ■ ,,. . 



The University of Bristol Association of Alumni 

 (London branch) has arranged to hold an inaugural 

 dinner at La Renomme.e Restaurant, 52 Dean Street, 

 Shaftesbury Avenue, London, on Monday, November 

 6, at 7.30 p.m. Lord Haldane is the president of 

 this branch, and it is hoped that a large number 

 of members of the Universitv, both past and present, 

 will be at this dinner, the Vice-Chancellor and 

 Mrs. Loveday have already accepted an invitation 

 to attend. 



NO. 2765, VOL. I IO] 



