66 MAMMALIA—APES. 
other as a joint possession. It would perhaps be more just to say, that they 
recognize no difference between themselves. A very attentive observer, 
however, will not fail to discover, between these two boys, who certainly 
bear the strongest possible resemblance to each other, a marked distinction. 
One seems to bea little more robust than the other, and even to possess 
an intellectual superiority over his brother. Perhaps this notion acquires 
plausibility from the circumstance that the former generally acts as the 
organ of communication on the joint part with the interpreters. It is ob- 
served, that this superior brother yields on all occasions to the impulses 
of the weaker, giving up his own choice, and preferring the course intimat- 
ed by the other. The inferior brother then playfully leans against his mate 
for support, or the one pats the cheek, or presses the forehead, or adjusts the 
shirt collar of the other, in such a way as betrays the kindliest feelings in 
each, and the tenderest affection for each other. 
A still more wonderful dusus nature lately existed in the person of a 
bicephalous girl, born of Sardinian parents. She died recently at Paris. 
Ritta, or the right side of the infant, had been ill for three days, and her illness 
did not appear in any degree to influence the health of Christina, the other 
side; so that at the moment when Ritta had given up the ghost, Christina 
was hanging to the breast of her mother, and playing with her face. But 
suddenly she let go, heaved a sigh, and expired. On dissection, two hearts, 
touching at the upper surface, but perfectly free at the base, were found in 
one pericardium. There was only one liver, which was evidently formed 
by the juncture of two; but there were two stomachs, and two small intes- 
tines, the latter of which joined ten or twelve inches above the cecum. The 
cecum was single, and all below was the same. In the pectoral cavity 
there was only one diaphragm, which had evidently been formed out of 
those of two subjects. 
ORDER SECOND—QUADRUMANA|.! 
Tue order Quadrumana is divided into two families, the Simize or Apes, 
and the Lemures. 
APES? 
Ir the conformation of the body always implied corresponding intellectual 
attributes, the apes should approach the nearest to man in intellect. But 
1 This order embraces animals with three kinds of teeth, incisors, canines, and molars; 
four extremities, terminated by hands, with the thumb separate from the other fingers, 
and more or less opposable to them; fingers long and flexible; two or four pectoral] 
mamme ; clavicles complete; bones of the arm and leg distinct, and suscentible of the 
motions of pronation and supination: male organs of generation external; stomach mem- 
branous, simple; intestines of medium length; a small ceeum; orbital and temporal! 
fossce distinct. 
2 This family is distinguished by a form approaching more or less to that of man; four 
inclined incisors in each Jaw; nose more opie prominent; nostrils more or less sepa- 
rated from one another; two pectoral mamme ; orbital and temporal fossz distinet. 
