342 MAMMALIA—ROEBUCK. 
of these factions has its particular chief, namely, the oldest and the strongest 
of each herd. These lead on to the engagement; and the rest follow under 
their direction. Their combats are singular enough, from the disposition 
and conduct by which their mutual efforts seem to be regulated. They 
attack with order, and support and assault with courage ; they come to the 
assistance of each other ; they retire, they rally, and never yield the victory 
upon a single defeat. The combat is renewed every day, till at length the 
most feeble side is obliged to give way, and is content to escape to the 
most disagreeable part of the park, where alone they can find safety 
and protection. The fallow deer may easily be brought to live in stables 
and seems to acquire an affection for the horse. One which was kept at 
Newmarket, in England, used to delight in galloping round the course with 
the racers while the jockeys were exercising them. 
From the age of two years, till that of fifteen or sixteen, the fallow deer 
is in a condition to produce, and, in fine, resembling the stag in all its 
natural habits, the greatest difference we find between these two animals, 
isin the duration of their lives. From the testimony of hunters, it has 
been mentioned, that the stag lives to the age of thirty-five or forty; and, 
on the same authority, it is asserted, that the fallow deer lives but about 
twenty years; and as io size the latter is smaller than the stag, so it is 
probable that in growth he is somewhat quicker. 
Besides the nostrils, the fallow deer is furnished with two spiracula, o1 
breathing places, one at the inner corner of each eye, communicating with 
the nose. By this means it continues to breathe while drinking, which it 
could not otherwise do, as it plunges its nose deep under water, and retains 
it there for a considerable time. These spiracles, it is probable, muy also 
be useful to the animal when chased, by enabling it to respire more fully 
and easily. 
TH ER Ors C kt 
THE stag, as being the most noble among the tenants of the woods, inha 
bits the most secret parts of the forest, where the spreading branches form 
a lofty covert. While the roebuck, as being of an inferior species, conter-s 
himself with a more lowly residence, and is seldom found but among the 
thick foliage of young trees and shrubs. But, if this animal is less noble, 
less strong, and less elevated in stature, he is, however, possessed of more 
grace, more vivacity, and even more courage, than the stag. Though but 
a very small animal, yet, when his young are attacked, he faces even the 
stag himself, and not unfrequently comes off victorious. 
——— 

1 Cervus capreolus. Lin. 
