=~I 
Oo 
AXIAL SKELETON OF THE STRUTHIONID#. 
postaxia] to the fifth, and from the penultimate cervical of all the other Struthionidie 
by its very prolonged neural spine, which presents such a contrast to that of its preaxial 
predecessor. 
FOUR VERTEBRA OF APTERYX (twice the natural size). 

Fig. 39. Fig. 40. 
Fig. 37. Lateral view of seventh vertebra. Fig. 38. Postaxial view of eighth vertebra. 
Fig. 39. Ventral view of ninth vertebra. Fig. 40. Preaxial view of eleventh vertebra. 
e, Catapophysis; d, diapophysis; f, lateral foramen; hp, hyperapophysis ; 7s, neural spine; p, parapophysis; pl, styloid rib: 
az, prezygapophysis; pz, postzygapophysis. 
In the fifteenth vertebra the neural spine is slightly higher. The diapophyses are 
still largely developed, and appear even longer than the parapophyses with their anky- 
losed pleural elements, which, however, appear to be mutilated in the specimens 
examined. 
THE CERVICO-DORSAL VERTEBRA. 
This vertebra has an elongated neural spine of the same length as that of the last 
cervical vertebra. Its diapophysis is much axially extended; and it bears a single hypa- 
pophysis, the development of which in A. australis is still equal to that of any pre- 
ceding vertebra. 
