[ 53 ] 
Il. On the Ancient or Quaternary Fauna of Gibraltar, as exemplified in the 
Mammalian Remains of the Ossiferous Breccia. By Guorce Busx, F.RS., 

F.ZS., §e. 
Received and read May 2nd, 1876. 
[Piares I.-XXVII.] 
ContEnts. 
I. Preliminary Remarks. . . . . page 53 IX. Cervus page 108 
II. General Remarks on the remains . . 59 X. Capra . Sloe 16 115 
Ti. Wikies Speirs) om! EXGIEMBOST ee heeh tes her tay ome «em tre heey 
IV. Hyena . ee NP watts fote be eyo Nai Susy Me we eewet es Usage s peieken HLZO 
V. Felis yy HAS de eee eee. EXGlii sepia hy wwe es roman meet ices 
VI. Canis, Herpestes, Meles. . . . . - 88 XIV. Elephas Fee Say Poe cone) 
VATE EGOS Oty ica -c PKum ete si kee 0 OO XV. General Conclusions . . . - . . 129 
Wiles Rhinoceros) a) <j 5 see - 190 XVI. Description of the Plates . . . . . 132 
I. Pretimmnary REMARKS. 
‘ ON a former occasion! I gave an account of the human remains &c. and asso- 
ciated animals of the human period, discovered chiefly by Capt. F. Brome in certain 
of the Gibraltar Caves. In the present communication my object is to describe 
some of the mammalian remains found in the ossiferous breccia and belonging to.a far 
more ancient fauna, some, in fact, going back, in all probability, to the early Pleisto- 
cene, if not Pliocene, epoch. 
Some of the species, it will be seen, are now altogether extinct, whilst others no 
longer exist in Europe, and none in the particular locality in which their remains are 
found, though not very far off. The paper therefore may be regarded as a contri- 
bution to our knowledge of the former distribution of animal life in the Mediterranean 
region, and of the relations that, within the Quaternary period, must have existed 
between the South-European and North-African faunas—a subject quite as interesting 
to the zoologist as to the palontologist, and, it may also be said, to the geologist, in 
any inquiry as to the period at which the final severance of land-communication 
between Europe and North Africa took place. 
Although the considerations to which attention will here be directed are chiefly 
zoological, it will not perhaps be deemed altogether out of place to premise some 
remarks respecting the general conditions under which the ossiferous breccia of Gibraltar 
1 Transactions of the Third Session of the International Congress of Prehistoric Archeology, held at Norwich 
in 1868, pp. 106-167. 
VoL. X.—PArT ul. No. 1.—August 1st, 1877. I 
