QUATERNARY FAUNA OF GIBRALTAR. 59 
feline species, one of which was probably the Felis caligata of Egypt and Abyssinia, 
together with a large species of Bear, apparently intermediate between U. ferox or 
priscus and U. arctos, which there is reason to believe at that period also abounded in 
the opposite regions of Africa '. 
2. That while some of these species, as the Elephant and Rhinoceros, are now 
wholly extinct, and known only by fossilized remains of the Pleistocene epoch, others, 
as the Spotted Hyena, now only exist in the widely distant regions of Southern and 
Western Africa, being wholly unknown in the northern parts of the continent. 
3. That some, again, as the Leopard and Booted Cat, are now no longer found in 
the European area; whilst others, as the Southern Lynx and Spanish Ibex, are still 
frequent in the mountainous regions of the Iberian peninsula. 
4, That the entire fauna exhibits purely African affinities. 
5, That the occurrence of Elephas antiquus*, Rhinoceros hemitechus, Hyena crocuta, 
Felis pardus, F. caligata seu caffra, &c., at this remote southern point of Europe, 
unmixed with species of northern origin, serves strongly to indicate that those species 
made their way (in part at least) to the more northern regions, where their remains 
occur in Pleistocene deposits, through the isthmus at one time connecting Europe and 
Africa at the present Straits of Gibraltar. 
II. Generat REMARKS ON THE MAMMALIAN REMAINS. 
The Mammals whose remains alone constitute the subject of this paper belong to 
the following genera :— 
I. Carnivora. 
1. Ursus. 2. Hyena. 3, Felis. 4. Canis, 
II. PERissopactya. 
5. Equus. 6. Rhinoceros. 
III. Arriopactyia. 
A. Ruminantia. 
7. Cervus. 8. Capra. 9. Bos. 
B. Non-Ruminantia. 
10. Sus. 
IV. RopentiA, 
11. Lepus. 
V. PROBOSCIDEA. 
12. Elephas. 
* On this point, vide Cuy. 7. c. tom. yii. p. 200. 
* Can this be the Elephant that, according to Pliny, at one time abounded on the Atlas range ? 
