64 MR. G. BUSK ON THE ANCIENT OR 
2. Ursus FErox, Richardson. 
U. horribilis, horridus, richardsoni, Baird. 
U. cinereus, Gray. 
U, piscator. 
3. Ursus arctos, Linn. 
U. fuscus, niger, Alb. Magn. ; Goldf. 
U. norvegicus, pyrenaicus, collaris, &c., F, Cuy. 
U. isabellinus, Horsfield. 
U. syriacus, Hempr. & Ehr. 
U. cadaverinus, formicarius, longirostris, Eversm. 
4. Ursus LARTETIANUS. 
5. URsSUS FAIDHERBIANUS. 
6. URSUS LETOURNEUXIANUS. 
7. URsus ROUVIERI. 
Bourguignat. 
1. Ursus Fosstnis, Goldf. 
From the time of Goldfuss! all paleontogists, except Blumenbach and De Blain- 
ville, have recognized at least two distinct specific forms amongst the Ursine remains 
found in caverns. To one of these, basing his description upon a perfect cranium, 
with the lower jaw, found in the deepest part of the Gailenreuth cavern, Goldfuss 
applied the term U. fossilis®. This form has appeared to me to coincide so very 
closely with the existing U. ferow, or horribilis, of North America, that I was induced 
some years since to suggest that they might be regarded as specifically the same, so 
far as cranial and dental characters are concerned. Regarding, therefore, this second 
species of Cave-Bear as undistinguishable by dental and osteological characters from 
the Grizzly Bear and its varieties, what is here said of the one, in comparing it with 
U. arctos, will apply to the other. 
I have already observed that some of the most important distinctive characters 
between these very closely allied forms are found in the cranium and face, parts which 
are not afforded in the the Gibraltar collection; the comparison, therefore, can be 
only very incomplete and inconclusive. The parts upon which I have been compelled 
principally to rely for the means of diagnosis are the horizontal ramus of the lower 
jaw, the dentition, and to some extent the axis vertebra. With respect to the 
other bones of the skeleton, my own observation leads me quite to agree with A. 
Wagner ®, who remarks that after twenty years’ study of bears, fossil and recent, he 
considers that no characters can be drawn from any of the bones of the skeleton except 
the skulland teeth. The only differences, he says, may be regarded as individual, except 
as respects the metacarpals and metatarsals, and, he might haye added, the phalanges. 
1 Goldfuss, Ac. Ces. Leop. Nova Acta, x. 1821, p. 449. 
® Cuvier (op. cit. vii. p. 242) says that Goldfuss had given the name of U. priscus to this skull, but upon 
what authority I am not aware. Tho term employed by Goldfuss is U. fossilis. 
2 Wiegm. Archiy, 1843, i. pp. 24-42, 
