QUATERNARY FAUNA OF GIBRALTAR. $9 
consists of the empty pit of the small caducous first, and the three following milk- 
molars in full wear, together with the first true molar in germ imbedded in the jaw. In 
the dimensions and pattern of the teeth, and the other characters of this specimen, it will 
be seen to exhibit nothing to distinguish it from the corresponding parts of an ordinary 
colt or filly. 
The specimen, which bears no marks of gnawing, was procured from beneath two 
thick floors of stalagmite; and it was imbedded in a hard calcareous ochreous matrix, 
from which it had to be chiselled out. 
Two other maxillary fragments, each containing two milk-molars, were found at a 
greater depth. And besides these, two other detached milk-molars, upper and lower, 
were also met with. It may be presumed that all these specimens, though found at 
different depths and widely apart, may in all probability have belonged to the same 
-individual. The crowns of the teeth are slightly sun-cracked, indicating exposure to the 
atmosphere before their entombment in the cave. 
2. Another specimen, also possibly belonging to the same animal, is a proximal 
phalanx (Pl. VII. fig. 3), from which the proximal epiphysis has been detached. It is 
rather slender in form. 
3. A large portion of a scapula of a mature animal (Pl. VIII.). The glenoid cavity 
measures 3°25 x 25, which denotes a horse of considerable size. 
4. Corresponding with the scapula is the entire proximal extremity of the right 
humerus (Pl. IX. fig. 1). 
5. An entire left calcaneum (fig. 3). 
6. The distal epiphysis of the left femur (Pl. IX. fig. 2). This portion of the femur 
appears to have been detached at the epiphysial junction before interment, as the entire 
surface was covered with a thick layer of ochreous crystalline deposit. 
7. Besides the above, there are in the collection several portions of upper and lower 
jaws, and a few detached teeth. With the exception of one or two old and much-worn 
teeth of the permanent series and of large size, nearly all the specimens would appear 
to belong to young or immature animals. It is to be remarked that none of the 
equine remains exhibit any evidence of gnawing, or of human agency—although, 
from the circumstance that by far the greater part of the collection consists of the 
remains of young or. quite immature individuals, one might be almost inclined to 
suppose that they were the relics of animals that had been used for food. 
1. Head. 
All the specimens described or referred to above are strongly mineralized, and, as 
has been already said, are in that respect in exactly the same condition as the bones 
of Rhinoceros, Cervus, Ibex, &c., which are indubitably fossil. There can be little doubt 
that the Horse was a member of the contemporary fauna. 
In Genista Cave No. 2 a couple of distal phalanges were met with, which appear to 
