QUATERNARY FAUNA OF GIBRALTAR. 101 
cular surface, nearly in the middle. Besides this there are no particular marks. The 
posterior surface (Pl. XIII.) is very slightly excavated behind the trochanter major ; 
and in that situation it is perforated by several large vascular foramina, and has a 
coarse reticulated sculpture, but no digital pit. Elsewhere it is smooth, and evenly 
and very slightly convex. The outer border of the bone, below the overhanging end 
of the trochanter major, is square or flattened, the flat surface about an inch below 
the projecting border of the trochanter being 1/8 across; and the angles bounding it 
both before and behind are right angles, and both, but especially the anterior, quite 
sharp. 
The articular head, which measures about 3’°4 in antero-posterior diameter, has 
lost its upper half, apparently by abrasion, the abraded surface being originally covered, 
like the rest of the bone, with a thick hard crystalline stalagmitic incrustation. The 
specimen was found broken into several fragments, some of which were met with at 
11-14, and others at 26 feet below the stalagmite floor of the Genista cave. And 
it is memorable as being the first fossil bone discovered by Capt. Brome beneath the 
stalagmite. It is obvious, from its appearance, that the bone has been crushed. 
(2) The detached third trochanter projects about 2”-6 from the border of the shaft, 
and is 2-6 wide. It curves gently forwards. This fragment, incrusted all over with 
stalagmitic deposit, was found at a depth of 11 feet; but that it belongs to the same 
femur as the portion above described is manifest from its colour and condition, and also 
from the circumstance that it shows evidence of having suffered from the same crushing 
influence. As compared with the femur of &. bicornis of the same dimensions, the priu- 
cipal differences observable are :— 
1. That the trochanter major stands out at a right angle, or nearly so, whilst in 
R. bicornis its upper border slopes gradually downwards. 
2. That the outer border of the shaft below the trochanter major, in 2. bicornis, 
slopes obliquely backwards, the anterior angle being very acute instead of rectangular. 
3. That the raised ridge on the anterior surface is placed more internally. 
4. That the third trochanter is more curved forwards. 
5. That there is a deep circumscribed digital fossa behind the trochanter major. 
With respect to the further determination of the species to which this interesting 
specimen should be referred, the only ones with which it is at all necessary to compare 
it are R. hemitechus and R. etruscus. 
I may mention that Dr. Falconer, who devoted much time and trouble to the com- 
parison of the Gibraltar bone, was inclined to refer it to R. etruscus, considering it 
“the only one we cannot reconcile with the character of 2. leptorhinus.” He remarks 
that “the Gibraltar femur agrees so closely in form and proportions with a femur of 
[assigned to] 2. etruscus presented to the national collection by Mr. Pentland, that 
had they been found in the same deposit they would have been referred without hesita- 
VoL. X.—PARrT i. No. 7.—August 1st, 1877. P 
