114 MR. G. BUSK ON THE ANCIENT OR 
burr, and slightly ascending for about four inches, where it is broken off. So far as can 
be judged from such a fragment, it resembles that of C. elaphus of the same dimensions. 
15. Jaws and Dentition. 
The number of detached teeth and more or less fragmentary jaws of the large Cervus 
collected in the Genista Cave and East Fissure was very great; but it is remarkable 
that a very small proportion of them belong to the upper jaw. My study of the teeth, 
therefore, has been mostly directed to those of the mandible. 
As in all large collections of similar remains, specimens from animals varying a good 
deal in size occur. Instances of this are shown in Pl. XXI. figs. 1 & 2. But upon a 
survey of the entire collection it becomes obvious that no definite distinction, even as to 
size, can be traced ; whilst in all other respects the close similarity of the jaws and teeth 
proves that they all belong to one and the same species, the differences being due in all 
probability solely to age, sex, or individual peculiarity, Although the smaller form is 
perhaps more abundant in the upper or more recent deposits above the stalagmite floor, 
and belonging, it may be assumed, to the human period, nevertheless even amongst the 
specimens from this situation are several of quite as large size as, and otherwise identical 
with those from the deepest recesses of the Genista fissure. 
The remains indicate animals of all ages, from that at which the third milk-molar is 
retained, up to extreme old age, when the teeth are worn down to mere stumps. 
In dimensions, proportions, and sculpture the teeth are identical with those of 
C. elaphus. So far as the dimensions and proportions are concerned, this will be seen 
at a glance at the odontograms Nos. 24, 25, & 35 (Pl. XXVII.), the first showing the 
mean size and relative proportions of the Gibraltar mandibular teeth, the second those of 
the Deer which occurs so abundantly in the Thames-valley deposits, and the third of a 
Highland Stag. The close similarity between these diagrams is so obvious as to require 
no comment. 
In other respects, also, the Gibraltar teeth correspond with those of C. elaphus. 
It appears therefore to be evident that the larger Gibraltar Cervus is undistinguishable 
from that which accompanied 2. hemitaechus in the valley of the Thames, and which, 
there is no reason to doubt, is represented at the present day by the Red Deer. 
It may be remarked also that as among the remains referred to C. elaphus in the 
Genista-Cave collection there are some of rather smaller size than the rest, which 
Dr. Falconer and myself were inclined to look upon as belonging to C. barbarus, so, in 
the ancient forms of the Thames, two forms, very distinct in size not only of the bones 
but of the teeth, are to be distinguished, but otherwise both possessing the characters 
of C. elaphus. The dental characters of the smaller of these forms is shown in the 
odontogram No. 36. 
16. Cervus dama. 
One of the most interesting specimens in the Gibraltar collections is represented in 
