QUATERNARY FAUNA OF GIBRALTAR. 115 
Plate XIX. It consists of a mass of breccia containing numerous bones, all obviously 
of the same skeleton and belonging to a Deer of the size and in all other respects 
undistinguishable from C. dama. These bones (some entire, others broken) are, or 
rather were, completely imbedded in an extremely hard red breccia, from which they 
were sculptured with considerable difficulty. This interesting specimen formed part of 
a large quantity of ossiferous breccia kindly forwarded by General Frome, and which 
was obtained in the excavations for some new works at Poco Roco, a point towards 
the northern end of the Rock, and in the line of the “ northern quebrada.” The bones 
distinctly visible in this block as it stands are:— 
1. A large part of the lower jaw, containing five of the molar teeth, whose dimen- 
sions &c. will be seen in the odontogram No. 33. 
2. A nearly entire left femur, whose proximal end measures 1:0 x 2'"3, or nearly 
that. 
3. A portion of the distal articular extremity of the right femur, which measures 
in the antero-posterior direction 2'-7, and precisely resembles, so far as it goes, the 
articular end of a small femur from the Genista Cave. 
4, An astragalus, about 15 long by about 0-9 wide, and 0:85 high on the outer 
side. : 
The astragalus of a Fallow Deer measures in the same directions 1-5, 0-95, and 
0-85, or identically the same; whilst comparison of the odontogram No. 33 with 
No. 34, which represents the mandibular dentition of C. dama, will show how closely 
the Poco-Roco Deer corresponds with the Fallow Deer. 
X. Capra. 
Of all the ruminants, the remains of a large caprine species are by far the most 
abundant in the Genista and other caverns of Gibraltar. They occur in deposits of all 
ages, apparently associated in the upper chambers &c. with human bones, and in the 
lower passages with those of the most ancient forms. They include :—skulls, tolerably 
perfect except in the facial portion; numerous detached horn-cores; upper and lower 
jaws, and innumerable detached teeth; together with a large number of bones of the 
extremities and pelvis, with several vertebra, including the axis &c._ Many of these are 
in perfect preservation. 
As will be shown, we have been induced to refer all these remains, though differing 
a good deal in size and belonging to widely remote periods, to one and the same species, 
which still exists in considerable abundance in the mountainous sierras of Spain, from 
north to south, if not even on the southern slopes of the Pyrenees—the Capra hispanica 
of Schimper. 
The genus Capra, according to Dr. Falconer, coexisted with species of Chalicotherium, 
Hipparion, Hexaprotodon, and other forms regarded as of Miocene age, in the Sevalik 
