116 MR. G. BUSK ON THE ANCIENT OR 
hills; but no representative of the genus has as yet been discovered in any of the 
European Miocene faunas. Nor was it known as belonging even to the Pliocene period 
until 1859, when Dr. Falconer described the left frontal and horn-core of a large 
species of Ibex’ found in the White Marl overlying the Tejares Blue Clays of the valley 
of Guadalmedina, near Malaga, determined by Professor Ansted to be of Pliocene 
age. And it is of interest to remark, with reference to the Gibraltar Jdex, that in the 
same deposit the upper jaw of a Rhinoceros, regarded by Dr. Falconer as R. etruscus, 
also occurred; and subsequently other specimens of both the Zea and Rhinoceros have 
occurred in the same locality. 
In 1844 M. Pomel communicated to the Academy of Sciences a notice of a supposed 
species of Capra (Ibex, Gervais) from the ancient alluvium of Malbattu (Puy-de-Dome), 
which he provisionally named Capra roseti. ‘The principal specimen was an ambiguous 
upper jaw of large size, containing four of the molars; and it seems doubtful, m the 
absence of further evidence, whether M. Pomel’s species may not be an Antelope rather 
than a Goat. M. Félix Robert, in 1829, published, under the name of Antelope, a 
figure of a metatarsal found, along with extinct Deer and other mammals of Pliocene 
age, at Cassac near Le Puy?; but Dr. Falconer, having examined all these specimens, 
agreed with M. Gervais that the metatarsal in question was that of a Goat, probably 
Ibex, and not of an Antelope. 
It appears, therefore, that we have certain evidence of a Pliocene Capra from Malaga, 
and probable evidence of an allied species from Central France. 
As regards quaternary and later European forms, M. Marcel de Serres, in 1839, 
described certain remains from the ossiferous cavern of Bize, consisting of upper and 
lower jaws, which he assigned to C. egagrus; but the evidence upon which this identi- 
fication was made is not given. 
In 1847 M. Gervais communicated to the Academy of Sciences a short notice of 
certain fossil remains, some of which had been previously attributed to a species of 
Antelope from the cavern of Mialet, in the Gard, under the name of Capra (Ibex) 
cebennarum; and in a subsequent more detailed account® he endeavours to show 
that they belonged to a true Jbexr, at the same time admitting that he was unable 
to affirm that the species differed from the existing /bex of the Pyrenees. 
More recently M. Lartet has discovered numerous remains of Jdex, mingled with 
the crushed bones of the Horse, Aurochs, Reindeer, Chamois, Saiga Antelope, &c., in 
the Dordogne Caves. But in all these instances the skull has been fractured, seem- 
ingly for the extraction of the brain, and only mutilated pieces of horn-cores have 
been met with, together with fragments of jaws and other bones. M. Lartet simply 
* Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xv. 1860, p. 602. 
* Ann. de la Soc. Agricult. Sci. &e. du Puy, 1839, p. 85, pl. ix. fig. 6. 
8 Comptes Rendus, 1847, tom. xxiy. p. 691. 
