
120 MR. G. BUSK ON THE ANCIENT OR 
lower third, more faintly above. In the Alpine the annulation is finer throughout, 
corresponding perhaps with its younger age. 
7. In both, the cores diverge from the base, and the sulcation of the surface shows 
no indication of a twist; but, in both, the points of the horns themselves show a 
tendency to turn in, as in C. hispanica, but less markedly. 
The transverse section of the horn-cores is exactly alike in both, although that of the 
horns themselves differs considerably. 
In the Royal College of Surgeons there are several skulls of both the Alpine and 
Spanish Ibex :— 
Two from the Sierra de Gredos, presented by Sefior Graells, Director of the Museum 
of Natural History of Madrid, and a magnificent specimen, with the horns, of a fine 
young male, which was shot in the Sierra de Ronda by Capt. Anstruther, of the Rifle 
Brigade, who was stationed at the time of our visit at Gibraltar, and took the greatest 
interest in the investigation of the animal remains of the breccia. He kindly took 
the trouble to procure the above specimen for the purpose of facilitating our inquiry, 
but was unfortunately not able to convey the entire skeleton—preserving, however, the 
fore and hind feet. 
Of the Alpine Ibex the College possesses a skull from the north of Italy, presented 
to the College by Sir James Hudson (3742 c) with one or two others, amongst which 
I have used one numbered 3742 a. 
The comparative dimensions of certain parts of two of these Spanish and two Alpine 
Ibexes are given in the following Table :— 








% rai = |s | 
é als” ES 2 .|8 lf |S Ia | gs 
a | @ |3 3 |g a 2 ZA NS eri asar elles = 
o o 2 a ed qo A ah hes) 5S ae 5 as) 
=n = & |8 aie = S| Se: [ede liey 3 5 
8 6 | 5 a3 )||\48 Go| SH 6 |a A 6 = 3 
pm H Ho 3 a ao as 3 2s = 3 
o;}s jes] . eI SS ai Sy cea s| 3 
a | 8183/43/83 135) 33 48 | 2 |2,/25/4,/38| 4 
Si SS Et las | A A Sesh le ile | 
3 .. | 750 372) 
Alpine Ibex, 3742.¢(R.C.8.). .| 9-0 | 6°75) 5°2|3-5)1-3)10] 2:0 |3:°7x13) 1-7 
714 394 
C.. hispanica (Sierra de Gredos)| 7:0 | 5:0] .. | 3:3) 1:3 | 1-1 P10) BH Oere Teh | IIGSTN) ca | al 
551 449 
O. hispanica (Sierra de Ronda),| 9°5 | 5:3 | .. | 3°7/1:6 | 11| 21x-6 33 .. | 39 | 1°5 | 2-4 | 38 | 2:5 | 
3743 c (R.C.8.). 603 483 
Alpine Ibex, 3742.4 (R.C.S.) |13-0) 7-9] .. | 3:8)1-8 | 0-9 | 2.1.x ? = 1:6 | 4:5] 1:5 | 2°7 | 3-7 | 2.3 














These figures may suffice to give a correct idea of the characters of the two forms. 
1. From the figures it will be seen that the proportion between the basal circum- 
ference and the length of the horn-core affords no distinctive character. 
2. ‘That the proportion of the width to the length of the nasals is very nearly the 
same in both, though it is rather less in the Alpine form in the middle. 
