QUATERNARY FAUNA OF GIBRALTAR. 125 
A second specimen, with the odontoid process, of smaller size, is shown in figs. 7 & 8; 
and several other fragments were met with in the collection. 
The contrast between this vertebra in the Ibex and that of Cervus barbarus will be 
seen at a glance; whilst in the side view, fig. 6, the characteristically strong neural 
spine of the atlas in Ibex will be seen, commensurate, no doubt, with the enormous 
weight of the horns in the male of that species. 
The selected collection from which this account is drawn up, affords, of other parts of 
the spine, only a small fragment of the upper part of the sacrum. Of the pelvic bones, 
there are several specimens of the os innominatum with the acetabulum, which do not 
appear to call for any remark. 
3. Anterior extremity.—Some, though but few, instances of portions of the scapula 
have been noticed; but of the other large bones of the extremity very large numbers in 
all degrees of proportion have come under observation. 
(1) Humerus.—Innumerable instances of this bone occur, varying only in size. 
(2) Forearm.—As the radius and ulna of Jbex present some peculiarities charac- 
teristic of that division of Capra, it is worth while to point them out. In the first 
place, both in the Alpine and Spanish Ibex, it will be seen that the process of the ulna 
against which the head of the radius abuts is, on the outer side, prolonged rather 
beyond the level of the outer border of that bone, as at a, figs. 1 & 2, Pl. XXIV., thus 
affording, as it were, an additional strength to the articulation between the two bones. 
Neither in the Goat and Sheep, nor in any other ruminant that I have examined, is the 
outer alar process of the ulna, as it may be termed, produced beyond the inner edge of the 
radial head!. A second peculiarity of the Ibex, as contrasted, at any rate, with the 
Goat, Sheep, Deer, and any other of the more common ruminants, consists in the 
circumstance that, when the forearm is viewed in its front aspect, the ulna, instead of 
being concealed altogether behind the radius, is plainly visible beyond its outer border 
(fig. 4, Pl. XXTV.). 
XI. Bos. 
A large number of loose teeth of the common Ox were met with in the more super- 
ficial parts of the upper or human chamber of the Genista cave, intermixed with 
human bones and works of art &c. But the only indications of a bovine animal below 
the stalagmitic floors, in the deep passages and in the East Fissure, are limited to five 
or six teeth, and the distal extremity of a metatarsal or metacarpal, apparently gnawed 
by Hyena*. This latter is thoroughly mineralized, deeply stained with manganesic 
deposit, and it was imbedded in hard ferruginous stalagmite. The teeth also present 
unmistakable marks of antiquity, though very slightly dendritic, and they were all 
thickly incrusted. There can be no doubt, therefore, that these remains belong to the 
ancient fauna. ‘Two of the teeth are represented in Pl. XVIII. figs. 4, 5, from which 
* In the Goat it is very nearly level with it. 
? Dr. Falconer inclined to the belief that these bovine specimens belonged to Bison priscus. 
VOL. X.—PART 11. No. 10.—August Ist, 1877. 8 
