140 MR. A. H. GARROD ON THE MANATEE. 
I may mention that the power of moving the slightly exserted elbow was consider- 
able, whilst that of the wrist was small but apparent. It used its limbs much more 
freely than do the Seals, sometimes employing the extreme margins of the paddles to 
assist in introducing food into the mouth, at others employing them in progression 
along the bottom of the pond, during which time the swimming-tail could not be 
brought into play to any extent. 
The Manatee came into my hands within an hour or so of its death, and one of the 
earliest things that seemed desirable to do was to obtain some of its blood for examina- 
tion. The first cut through the skin was sufficient to prove how different an animal it 
is from any of the Pinniped Carnivora; for instead of the muscles being of a deep 
almost black-red hue, as they are in the Seals, they were of a pale pink, more like veal 
or pork than any other flesh known to me, much lighter than beef. 
The blood-disks are circular and non-nucleated, as it was certainly known they would 
be. Their size, however, is their peculiarity. From the valuable investigations of 
Mr. Gulliver, which are incorporated in their entirety in the Society’s ‘ Proceedings’ 
for 1875 (p. 474 et seq.), it is known that the largest mammalian blood-disks are 
found in the Elephants (z;¢ of an inch in diameter), Great Anteater (z;'¢), Sloths 
(zdss), Aard-vark (z7/55), and Walrus (z7'gg). In the Manatee the diameter of 
the largest reaches z;45 of an inch, others being considerably smaller. 
If there is any stress to be laid on the size of the blood-disks in the classification of 
animals, as it seems almost impossible that there should not be from the comparative 
constancy in their size in closely allied species and genera, then the relationships of the 
Manatee to the Artiodactylate Ungulates must be most distant, as small size of blood- 
disks is a special peculiarity of those latter animals, the largest being go'79 of an inch 
in diameter, namely in the European Bison (Bison bonassus). In the Elephant and 
Edentates, on the contrary, the blood-disks are particularly large. 
With reference to the digestive organs there is not much for me to add to previous 
descriptions. In the stomach of our specimen the plications of the mucous membrane 
were slightly different from the figures given by Dr. Murie. Several well-marked, 
though not large longitudinal folds run along the lesser curvature of the first cavity 
from the cardiac orifice to the entrance of the second. These are bounded on the 
vertebral and ventral faces of the organ by a large, similarly directed fold, which imper- 
fectly separates off the irregularly plicated portion in connexion with the greater cur- 
vature from that in the region of the lesser. ‘The mucous membrane of the second 
stomach is raised into rounded anfractuous folds, much like those of the human 
cerebral surface. The muscular parietes of the whole organ are very thick, extra- 
ordinarily so at the cardiac end. There is no pyloric dilatation of the duodenum. 
The intestines in their muscularity are very cat-like. A large number of vessels, 
forming quite a rete mirabile, is to be found at the ileo-cecal valve, in the angle 
between the large and small intestines. As Dr. Murie states, the ceca and the 
